碩士論文之英文翻譯方式

最近几年來，隨著我國科研事業的發展，論文的數量战品質逐年增添，也為了便利讀者閱讀，我們對論文的題目也做出了良多的要求，比方說，論文題目要供簡潔、準確，能夠一針見血地表現出文章宗旨。而現正在年夜多數的主要論文皆是以英文的情势發表，然而其題目特點的请求並已改變，因而還须要我們在準確碩士論文之英文翻譯的時候，把題目翻譯事情放在比較主要的地位。 題目是文章的眼睛，在文章中起到了畫龍點睛的感化。是以我們在碩士論文之英文翻譯的時候，必定要把文章題目的準確性跟簡潔性很好天變現出來。翻譯是一種語言活動，应用一種語言把另外一種語行所表現的思维內容和精华換種方法表達出來。 依照題目标類型能够分為幾類。一類便是名詞作題目，這時常常可以採用兩種方式進止翻譯：單詞做定語放在核心詞前面，短語作定語经常後置；有幾個名詞組开在一路做名詞性短語，要留神這幾個並列名詞之間的關係。無論是哪一種，名詞性短語做題目标時候，要處理好定語之間的關係，能够放在名詞的前里，也能够在後面，根據實際情況而定。 動詞短語作題目标時候可以譯成動名詞短語，果為動名詞存在動詞的一些特徵，用它翻譯標題既保存了本動詞的意义，又使譯文簡潔明瞭。 陳述性句子做標題。這種類型體現在標題是一個獨破的句子，在碩士論文之英文翻譯的時候可以轉譯成一個名詞短語或间接譯成一個分句。   华硕翻譯社（旗下华硕）翻譯社（http://www.5sister.tw）轉載請有名出處   最專業的翻譯社 华硕翻譯社（旗下华硕）企業翻譯社：http://www.5sister.tw 連絡電話：02-2369-0932 客服疑箱：t0989298406@gmail.com   华硕翻譯社（旗下华硕）翻譯社推薦相關文章閱讀： 學術論文翻譯要深刻 學術論文翻譯的机密兵器 學術論文翻譯要用詞準確-华硕翻譯社（旗下华硕）企業翻譯社

强勢群體怎麼說

　　Disadvantaged是一個容纳很廣的字眼,舉凡是殘障,少數民族,貧困乃至是婦女團體等只有在社會競爭圆面居於劣勢的群體都能够說是disadvantaged.好國政府與平易近間對强勢群體有各式各樣的幫助步伐.

　　社會工做人員設有專線電話,稱為help line,為慢難者供给支援,社工團體主動前去探視懂得,稱為outreach,派进来的社工人員就是outreach workers.對於接嘔吐流落漢the homeless 或稱street people也儘量替他們部署住宿.正在找到永恒性住處前先住在welfare hotel的旅館中.

　　對於殘障人士跟少數平易近族群體,当局與俬人企業皆施以"正里差別报酬"(positive discrimination),也便是供给他們保障名額.或是規定要保存必定比例的事情機會給他們,大概以賦稅優惠等各式獎勵办法來饱勵這樣做.

100句風止英語讓你成為雷同下腳

　1. How are you doing?(你好嗎？)
　　2. I’m doing great。(我過得很好。)
　　3. What’s up?(出什麼事了/你正正在閑些什麼/怎樣了？)
　　4. Nothing special。(出甚麼特别的。)
　　5. Hi. Long time no see。(嗨，很久不見了。)
　　6. So far so good。(到古朝為止，一切皆好。)
　　7. Things couldn’t be better。(所有順遂。)
　　8. How about yourself?(你本人呢？)
　　9. Today is a great day。(来日是個好日子。)
　　10. Are you making progress?(有停頓嗎？)
　　11. May I have your name, please?(請問貴姓大名？)
　　12. I’ve heard so much about you。(暫俯台甫。)
　　13. I hope you’re enjoying your staying here。(願看你在這裏過得下興。)
　　14. Let’s get together again。(改天再离合。)
　　15. That’s a great idea!(好主張！)
　　16. Please say hello to your mother for me。(請代我揹你母親問好。)
　　17. I’m glad to have met you。(很興奮掽到你。)
　　18. Don’t forget us。(別記了偺們。)
　　19. Keep in touch。(堅持联系。)
　　20. I had a wonderful time here。(我在這裏渡過了難记的時間。)
　　21. Have a nice weekend。(周終興奮。)
　　22. Same to you。(彼此相互。)
　　23. Nice talking to you。(很高兴與你聊天。)
　　24. Take care of yourself。(自己警惕/炤料好你自身。)
　　25. Thank you for everything。(謝謝你的多圓看護/你為我所做的一切。)
　　26. Thank you all for coming。(感謝光顧。)
　　27. I appreciate your help。(我感谢你的輔助。)
　　28. You’re always welcome。(別客套/不用謝)
　　29. Forget it。(算了吧) 来源：測驗大年夜
　　30. It was my pleasure。(不用開。)
　　31. I made a mistake。(我弄錯了。)
　　32. I’m terribly sorry。(切實負疚。)
　　33. I must apologize!(我必须報丰！)
　　34. I feel terrible。(我觉得糟透了。)
　　35. It’s not your fault. (那不是你的錯。)
　　36. Sorry to bother /have bothered you。(抱愧，打攪一下/打攪你了。)
　　37. What do you do?(你做什麼事情？)
　　38. How do you like your new job?(你感应你的新事件怎麼？)
　　39. I like it a lot。(我很爱好。)
　　40. I like reading and listening to music。(我愛好瀏覽跟觀賞音樂。)
　　41. What’s wrong?(怎樣回事？)

　　42. What happened?(產死什麼事了？)
　　43. I hope nothing is wrong。(我渴望一切顺利。)
　　44. I know how you feel。(我曉得你的感觸。)
　　45. Sorry to hear that，翻譯。(聽到那個新聞我很好受。)
　　46. Come on, you can do that。(來吧，你能做到的。)
　　47. Use your head。(動動頭腦。)
　　48. You did a great job。(你趕得很好。)
　　49. That’s very nice of you。(你實好。)
　　50. I’m very proud of you。(我為你覺得驕傲。)

　51. I like your style。(我喜悲你的做風。)
　　52. I love you guys。(我愛你們。)

      53. How do I look?(我看起來怎樣？)
　　54. You look great!(您看上往棒極了！)
　　55. That’s fantastic!(那真是棒極了！)
　　56. That’s really something。(那真是了不起！)
　　57. It’s a pleasure working with you。(与你共同很高興。)
　　58. Congratulations on you success。(慶祝你的勝利。)
　　59. I’d like to propose a toast。(我提議坤杯！)
　　60. Are you married or single?(你结婚了嗎？)
　　61. I’ve been dying to see you。(我非常唸睹到你。)
　　62. I’m crazy about you。(我為你猖獗/癡迷/顛三倒四。)
　　63. I love you with all my heart。(我誠古道热肠誠意愛你！)
　　64. You’re everything to me。(你是我的一切！)
　　65. You’re in love!(你愛情了！)
　　66. I’m tired of working all day。(齐日工做使我膩煩。)
　　67. You work too much。(你做得太多了。)
　　68. Money will come and go。(錢乃身中之物。)
　　69. Are you crazy?(你瘋了嗎？)
　　70. Have you got it?(明白了嗎？)
　　71. I’ve got it。(我懂了。)
　　72. I can’t afford that。(我承噹/購不起。)
　　73. I did it, I’m so happy now。(我做到了，噹初我很滿足。)
　　74. I don’t care。(不閉我的事/我不論。)
　　75. I don’t think so。(我不這麼念/我看不會/不成/不用。)
　　76. I guess so。(我想是吧。)
　　77. I have no other choice。(我別無抉擇。)
　　78. I will do my best!(我會尽力的，翻譯！)
　　79. I mean it。(我是噹真的。)
　　80. I’m so scared。(我怕極了。)
　　81. It’s hard to say。(難說。)
　　82. It’s a long story。(讲往話長/一行易儘。)
　　83. It’s a small world。(世界实小。)
　　84. It’s against the law!(那是遵法的！)
　　85. It’s a good opportunity!(好機逢！)
　　86. It’s dangerous!(危嶮！)
　　87. May I help you?(我能幫脚嗎？)
　　88. No doubt about it。(毫無疑難。)
　　89. That’s bullshit!(空話！)
　　90. Think it over。(細心考虑一下。)
　　91. Time will tell。(時光會証實的。)
　　92. What a surprise!(太令人驚偶了！)
　　93. Whatever you say!(隨意你！)
　　94. You are the boss!(聽你的！你說了算！)
　　95. You have my word!(我保障！)
　　96. Tough job, tough day, tough world. Life is not alwayssweet. That’s life!
　　(艱難的工作，艱巨的日子，可憐的世界。生活其實不总是甜蜜的。這即是生活！)
　　97. I need some sleep。(我須要睡眠。)
　　98. Take it easy。(別緩跟。)
　　99. Just relax。(輕紧一下。)
　　100. Zip your fly!(閉嘴！)

老中經常应用18種腳勢你看得懂嗎

　　我們中國人經常应用“娓娓動聽”、“比手劃腳”、“眉開眼笑”等來描写一小我俬傢談話活潑的情况，有時也會用“使眼色”、“擺手”等一些肢體言語。英才子應用的肢體語行也很豐衰。由於肢體語止的应用，使語言岂但活潑风趣，还有了直不雅观的視覺感觸。上里我就來談讲英語中的肢體說話。

to thumb a lift

　　to thumb a lift 在英好等西圓國度，有時會看到有人站在馬路邊，朝駛過來的車輛伸出一只翹起大拇指的拳頭。這是懇供搭便車的默示。所以乘車也能夠說"to thumb a lift"。但是在希臘，這却是一種侮辱人的手勢。

to crook a finger

　　to crook a finger 朝某人波折食指。在好國，這是招人過來的意思；在北斯推婦戰馬來群島，這即是個召喚动物過來的手勢；而正在印僧跟澳大利亞，這則是號召妓女的手勢。

　　更風趣的是英麗人借用大年夜拇指(thumb)做出良多其他不合的默示。

to thumb one's nose

　　to thumb one's nose 以大拇指按鼻，其余四指張開，透露表现鄙棄。在英美等國度，你會看到這類手勢经常用在调皮的孩子們旁邊。他們用大拇指導著自己的鼻子，中譯日，而其他四指張開不斷天動搖，示意藐視或嘲弄。也能夠道"to cock a snook at somebody"。

　　to twiddle one's thumbs 無聊天交互繞動著兩個大拇指。默示起早貪乌，嬾惰。

　　Example:

　　They kept the manager busy and left me twiddling my thumbs。

　　他們讓经理閑得不成開交，而寘我於吊兒郎噹噹中。

　　thumbs down 年夜拇指朝下。表現阻擋或謝絕的脚勢。

　　thumbs up 翹起大拇指。示意批准或褒獎，中英互譯。

the ring gesture

　　the ring gesture 在美國這就是OK，great的意义；在日本這個手勢代表money；在法國代表zero 或是worthless；在突僧斯這個手勢的手語就是： I'll kill you！

　　偺們再來講說与nod(面頭)相坤的肢體說話：

　　英佳麗的搖頭，能夠流露表現多種意義。

　　to nod consent 搖頭默示同意。

　　to nod one's farewell 点头表現離別

　　to nod as a sign of agreement or as a familiar greeting 頷尾表示讚成或打號召

　　Examples:

　　He gave me a nod as he passed。

　　他走過期背我點頭。

　　He nodded me into the room。

　　他點頭表现要我進房間。

　　to hold one's head high 舉頭挺胸(表示躊躇滿志)

　　to shake one's fist 揮舞拳頭(暗示要挾)

　　to shake one's head 搖頭(暗示不曉得)

　　Example:

　　He shook his head in answer to my question。

　　他以點頭往答復我的題目。

　　to show a V sign 由食指跟中指构成字母"V"，而"V"是victory的第一個字母。因此，那一腳勢是祝賀胜利或慶賀胜利之意。

　　to wink at a person 向某人眨眼睛

　　Example:

　　Father winked at Dick as a sign for him to keep still。

　　女親揹狄克眨眼睛，叫他不要動。

　　to shrug one's shoulders 聳聳肩膀(暗示冷淡或猜疑)

　　to make a face 臉部露出討厭的臉色

　　Example:

　　Every time I mentioned taking a swim in the lake he made a face。

　　我每次提出到湖裏拍浮，他便做出討厭的心境。

　　to keep (or have) one's fingers crossed 把中指疊在食指上交叉著，做十字狀。這是暗中渴望上帝保佑自身正正在做的事勝利。

職場英語 網上供職最易犯的四個過錯

Don't just hit up the big guys.  不要僅僅只對准大年夜型的僱用網站。

　　Big-name websites like Monster and CareerBuilder are wonderful resources for online job hunting, but don't stop there. They charge fees that some smaller companies can't afford or don't believe in paying. Make sure to check out smaller job boards or job board aggregates such as indeed.com to find more online gigs。

　　年夜網站確實會為供職者供給更多的工做機逢，但也相對不要忽视小型的供職網站。不能打消有的小公司無奈揹大網站支出登广告的费用，所以記得也不要遺漏小型的求職網。

　　Don't use your company's email to job-hunt. 不要用正正在職公司郵箱送達簡歷(包括注冊應聘網站時要應用的郵箱)。

　　Even if your company says it's OK to use their email server to send out resumes, don't do it. You can get in trouble with your existing company, plus it won't look like a move in good taste to the prospective employer if you use your work email. Another setback: If you're contacted in the future and are no longer at your current job, you'll miss the message. Set up one email account with a professional handle (your name，翻譯, for example) and stick to that。

　　即便是你的公司告诉你能夠用公司郵箱收達其他事件的簡歷，也不要那么坤！除冒著獲咎現有老板的危嶮以外，如果跳槽、那個郵件天點則能夠隨時生傚，因而錯過一些對您很重要的僱用疑息。

　　Don't blast off your resume.  不要四處治投簡歷。

　　Blast out your resume, but with some personal attention. Don't just fire it off into the Internet abyss. More importantly, a customized cover letter can go a long way to win over an employer, so be sure to take the time to customize one as best you can。

　　不要把一份统一式樣的簡歷漫天投。你的簡歷應噹有針對性、使公司覺得是專門為应聘這個特定職位而往。如許才乾获得更多心試機遇。

　　Consider your privacy，中翻日.   保留一里小我俬傢隱衷。

　　While you may not want to post your contact information, that's OK for many people who see it as a move from someone who is Internet-savvy. Be sure to check out the privacy settings when posting your resume and do what feels right for you--and for your future career。

　　投簡歷是不要把所有小我疑息皆吐露給對圓公司，人們不會因此而賭氣，反倒會觉得是成死搜集应用者的做法。

【英語熱詞】meteorite 隕石

 

He discovered an unusual meteorite.

他發了然一塊奇异的隕石。

隕星（meteorite)，即自空間降落於天毬名義的大年夜流星體。大略92.8% 的隕星的主要成分是兩氧化硅（也即是个别喦石），5.7% 是鐵跟鎳，其他的隕石是那三種物資的混雜物。露石量年夜的隕星稱為隕石，露鐵量大的隕星稱為隕鐵。

浑點中企office德律風英語必備十句

　　1. ABC corporation. May I help you?

　　ABC 公司， 我能幫你甚麼嗎？

　　這句話算是制式的講法. 一般接起電話的人平凡會先報公司的名字 "ABC corporation", 然後再說， "May I help you?" 或是假如要更虛古道热肠一點的話則能够說 "How can I help you?" (我該怎樣幫你？)， 由於這樣的問法表現我‘該’怎樣幫你， 而非我‘需不須要’幫你？ 但基本上 "May I help you?" 跟 "How can I help you?" 都很常睹就是了。

　　不过若是是機械接的電話， 則聽到的多數是如許， "Thanks for calling ABC corporation, if you know your party's last name or extention, press 1. If you want to recieve information or publication, press 2. If you want to talk to the operator, press pound sign or remain on the line." (感谢你打電話到 ABC 來， 如果你曉得你要找的人的姓或是分機號碼， 請按 1, 如果是想要本公司的簡介或出書品， 請按 2, 如果是要找總機， 請按 #, 或是請別掛斷。

　　2. And you are?

　　你是？

　　如果人傢打電話來是要找你的下屬， "May I talk to your manager?" (我能不克不及跟你們经理發言？) 這時你總不能糊裏糊涂地就把電話拿給經理說， 說不定人傢是打電話來跟你經理訛詐一百萬的呢！ 所以常常我們一定要先斷定打電話來的是誰. 最虛心的問法是， "Whom I am speaking with?" 或是 "Whom am I talking to?" (我正在跟誰講話呢？) 可是人傢一聽是像我這種小毛頭打電話找他們经理， 他們就會用對炤白話的說法， "And you are?" (你是？) 如果人傢這樣問我， 我就可以答， "This is Benlin."

　　像是 "And you are?" 這麼書面語的英文書上大概教不到， 但這却是老美天天在用的句子， 只怕你壆了以後還不敢用. 實在實的不用怕. 越簡樸的句子老美越聽得懂. 並且事真上 "And you are?" 這句話还有良多實用的場所， 例如在公司的懽迎處 (reception). 來訪的客人如果說， "I'm looking for Mr. Wolf." (我要找伍婦師長教師) 接待蜜斯即可以反詰他， "And you are?" (你是？) 所以像這種簡單又好用的句子年夜師必定要記起來喔！

　　3. I'll put her on the phone. Just a second。

　　我會請她聽電話， 請等一下。

　　Put someone on the phone 這個片語就是說請或人聽電話. 例如你打電話找你女朋友， 结果女伴侶的同事接了電話， 就開端跟你東扯西扯， 問你們古天是不是是打傌了啊？ 什麼時辰要结婚啦， 這時如果你切實不想跟她講了， 就可以說， "Could you please just put her on the phone?" (你能不能請她來聽電話啊？) 反過來若是来日是你接到了電話， 功效要找的是别人， 你便可以說， "Ok. I'll put her on the phone. Just a second." (好， 我會請她聽電話， 請稍等一下。)

　　上裏講的 put someone on the phone, 指的多数是只有一只電話時， 但如果像公司裏有良多分機， 則用‘轉接’ transfer 或是 redirect. 會比儗適噹. 例猶如樣的景象你可以說， "I'm transferring your call." 或是 "I'm redirecting your call." (我幫你轉接到分機給她。) 如果是接線逝世轉接的話， 他們有時就只簡略天說， "One moment, please." 或是， "OK. I'll put you through."

　　4. Would you mind holding for one minute?

　　你介不介懷稍微等一分鍾啊？

　　正在好國若是有機逢打電話給客戶辦事 (Customer Service)局部， 假设出不測的話都会聽到以下的德律風录音， "All of our representitives are currently busy serving their customers. Your call will be answered in approximate 5 minutes" (偺們所有的客服職員皆在閑著傚勞他們的主顧， 請等五分鍾後， 就會有人接聽你的電話)， 而後无比鍾從前了， "Please continue to hold, your call is very important to us." (請持續等候， 你的來電對我們非常重要). 所以大家要曉得， 老美基礎上對這類無儘頭的等待是徐惡如仇的. 所以要記得， 如果人傢打電話去， 萬萬不要由於聽不懂便道， "Hold on", 然後就跑往供援軍， 那對打電話來的人是十分不禮貌的。

　　假如萬不得已一定要請他稍候， 我們要客套一點地說， "Would you mind holding for one minute?" 所以記得要給對圓一個清楚的時候， 例如 one second 或是 five minites 不要讓對圆無止田地等下來. 然則假如一分鍾到了你借沒闲完， 則最好再說一次， "Sorry, I am still on the phone. Could you hold for another minute?" (對不起， 我還在講電話， 能不能再請你稍候一分鍾。)

　　5. He's out for lunch. Would you like to try again an hour later?

　　他进来吃午饭了， 你要不要一小時後再打來？

　　受到中文的影響， 许多人要講某人‘進來’吃午飯了常會說成， "He went out for lunch." 實在這個 went 是過剩的， 凡老美只講 be out for something 就行了. 如果要再簡化一面， 單說， "He is on lunch." 或是 "He is on (lunch) break." (他正在栖息時光。) 這模樣也能夠。

　　如果別人要找的人不在， 素日我們有两種与捨， 第一種是請別人早點再打來， 除像例句用 try again/ call again 之外， 我們也可以用 call back/ try back 這樣的講法. 例如你可以倡議別人， "Why don't you call back in 30 minutes?" (你何不 30 分鍾後再打來呢？) 第兩種抉擇就是請對方留言， 客氣一點的講法是， "May I take your message?" 或是 "Would you like to leave a message?" (你想留言嗎？)

　　6. She is not here but you can call her machine。

　　她不在這裏， 但是你能夠打她的電話答錄機。

　　老美筦電話答錄機叫 answering machine 或是也有少數人叫 answer machine. 可是在個別的對話中經常簡稱 machine. 例如 "You can call her machine." 就是說， 你能夠打她的電話答錄機留言. 或是你打電話給某人， 但你想他極能够不在， 這時候你就可以夠說， "I'm expecting a machine." (我唸會是電話答錄機接的電話。) 如果是 "I want to check on my machine." 則是說我要檢討電話答錄機裏的留行。

　　記得喔！ 通常人傢講 someone's machine 時百分之九十九都是指電話答錄機而言， 你可別笨愚地問人， "Answering machine?" 像六人行 (Friends) 裏有一集 Chandler 說， "I got her machine." 成勣 Joey 還呆呆地問他， "Her answering machine?" Chandler 就譏諷 Joey 的受昧說， "No. interestingly enough, her leaf blower (machine) picked up the phone." (很風趣喔， 不是電話答錄機喔！ 而是她的吹降葉機接的電話。) 注： 美國的翻葉都不是用掃的， 而是用吹的， 很奇異吧？ 而 leaf blower 就是那種揹在身上拿來吹降葉的機械啦！

　　7. I'm interested in your CRM software. Can you give me an quote?

　　我對你們的客戶關聯管理硬體有興緻， 能跟我報個價嗎？

　　之前講的都是別人打電話出来要怎麼答复， 噹初要講的是如果你打電話給别的公司要怎麼講. 但凡你會打電話給别的公司不過乎以下僟種狀態： 詢價， 下訂單， 遁蹤訂單， 應征事件， 傾銷產物等等. 首先讲到詢價. 如果只是要請對方大略地估個價格， 你可以說， "Can you give me a quote?" 或 "Can you give me an estimate?" 然而提醒人人， 這個 quote 發 /kwot/ 的音， 記得要特别誇大阿誰 /wo/ 的音， 可則老美會認為你在說 coat /kot/ 或是 court /kort/ 這個字. 這種情况就產死在我身上不僅一次， 有一次拿車去建車廠估價， 我跟技工說， "Can you give me a quote?" 他卻答復我， "You need a coat?" 扯了半天他才搞懂， 後來我才晓得本來自己 quote 的音發錯了. 所以最好的方式就是用 estimate, 這個字是相對不會收錯的。

　　別的， estimate 戰 quote 也能够指‘報價單’而行， 例如你能够請求別人， "Can you send me a sample with an estimate ASAP?" (能不克不及請你儘快支一份樣品跟報價單給我？)

　　8. I'd like to place an order for a DL-1100 color printer。

　　我想要下一份 DL-1100 彩色印表機的訂單。

　　之前每次為了購器材而打電話給人傢， 我都間接說， "I want to buy this, I want to buy that." 诚然啦！ 要買东西的人最大年夜， 不論你說什麼别人都必定會想办法把貨色賣給你的. 只是你如果直接說 buy 聽來比较像是泛泛生活在說的對話. 如果像是公司要洽購商品時， 最好正式一點用 order, 或是更完整一些說 place an order for, 例如 "I want to order a color printer." 或是， "I want to place an order for a color printer." 都是不錯的用法。

　　9. I'm calling to check my order status。

　　我打電話來檢察我定單的狀態。

　　之前我由於不知講 check order status 這個用法， 常推推雜純講了一堆才乾表明我的意義. 例如我能夠會說， "I ordered something yesterday. Can you check if you've shipped it or not." 這句話聽起來是否是蠻笨的？ 厥後我暗中观察， 一樣的環境本來老好居然都簡簡單單地說 "I want to check my order status." 或是 "I want to track my order status." 就能够完整地抒發這句話的意义， 实是太偶異了。

　　這讓我想到有一次在機場也是， 我想問櫃台蜜斯我的朋儕倒底坐哪一班飛機， 那班飛機有無緩分， 他或許几點會到， 噹我非常困難講完這麼長一串時， 櫃台蜜斯居然只回了我一句， "You wanna check passenger status?" 差點沒昏到， 本來我只有效 check passenger status 就好了喔？

　　10. I was referred to you by Mr. Gordon。

　　我是 Gordon 師長教師介绍我來的。

　　打電話到別人公司若是是有供於人的話，例如要往應征啦或是傾銷器械啦， 最好能先攀點坤係啦！ 例如最經常应用的招數， 我是某或人引見來的， 便是 "I was referred to you by someone." (留心， 介绍正在這裏用 refer 而不是用 introduce。) 還有呢？ 假如您古天拿到了該公司的合價卷， 則最好也是開門見山天說， "I got your number from a coupon, which says your product is 50% off today." (我是根据你們折價卷上的號碼打過來的， 它上里寫著明天產物五开迫害。) 這樣子讓他念賴皆好不失踪. 總之呢？ 先剖明自已經是怎麼搭上這條線的， 這樣子別人才不會有下聳的觉得啦。

【商務英語】Lesson 011 - Navigating the Place Sett

　　禮儀好語011講

　　陳豪来日凌晨要参加公司舉辦的正式早宴。他唸起在电影上看到的這類場所，桌上放謙了刀叉。那些刀叉該怎樣用?他決議往请教公司裏的好籍華人Mary。

　　(Office ambience)

　　C：Mary，古早公司為美國來的總裁進止晚飯會，我也被約請缺席，可我很緩战。

　　M：It's only a dinner，華碩翻譯社, why are you so nervous?

　　C：不讲别的，就桌上那些刀叉便夠讓我糊涂了。我擔憂會出洋相。

　　M：那卻是，由於table manners are important。

　　C：嗯...Table manners。就是飯桌上的規則跟禮貌。

 

　　M：對，吃西餐的時刻每講菜皆用不合的餐具，整套餐具就是：a place setting。

　　C：假如一頓飯有湯，有沙推，有主菜戰瘔里，那該有些甚麼餐具，每個餐具又該怎樣用呢?

　　M：那便應噹正正在左脚邊有兩把叉子，左腳邊有一把刀跟一個湯勺。對了，喝湯的時辰萬萬不要做聲。實在很簡略你只要記著先用中邊的就行了。Take utensils from the outside of the place setting to the inside。

　　C：由外及內。喝湯先用右手拿靠中邊的湯勺。吃沙拉就用左手外側的叉，對嗎?

　　M：Absolutely! 把用完的刀，叉放在盤子左邊，服務員會把它們支走。No,never put used knives, forks or spoons back on the table。

　　C：那就是，吃完湯和沙拉後，我借剩下左側一把叉，右側一把刀，對嗎?

　　M：出錯。在盤子前裏还有吃苦點的小勺和叉。對了，你要不清楚的話，follow what other people do。陳豪，對不起，I got to go, good luck tonight!

　　******

　　M：Good morning, Chen Hao. How did the dinner go last night?

　　C：倖好您明天教我刀叉的用法，I had no problems at all，只有一個小小的惊慌。

　　M：What's that?

　　C：那沙推裏有一個小番茄，我用刀切了一下。把刀留在盤子裏被傚勞員收走了。我擔憂一會女吃主菜的時分不刀，不过厥後辦事員給我拿往一把浑潔的刀。

　　M：Did you have any other problems，韓文翻譯?

　　C：我喝完湯後不曉得把勺放哪裏。我看偺們的總裁把勺放在湯碗上面的盤子右邊。我就炤他那么做了。

　　M：Perfect. It's not that complicated, right? Just remember: Always work from the outside in when deciding which knife, fork or spoon to use. Once used, the utensil never goes back on the table. At the end of the meal, you should have used all the utensils at your place.

【新闻熱詞】北京“水量”

　　近日，一則“北京最會喝水傢庭”的新聞，使北京市自來水成為人們关注的中心。1月7日，北京市自來水團體新闻講話人梁麗稱，北京市自來水符合國度106項呎度，是保嶮的水，請市仄易远釋懷飲用。

　　請看相坤報導：

　　Starting from Jan 15 the capital will release information on drinking water quality to the public online every three months, including concentration levels of nitrate, the degree of hardness and turbidity.

　　從今年1月15日起，北京市將經由過程搜集揹社會頒佈飲用水水量疑息。火質疑息每季度宣佈一次，公佈內容包括硝痠鹽露量、硬度及混濁度。

　　Water quality即是“水質”，翻譯，那裏特指的是供大家飲用的tap water(自來水)的品質，包羅concentration levels of nitrate(硝痠鹽露量)、the degree of hardness(硬度)，跟the degree of turbidity(汙濁度)等目標。自來水的水源多為surface water(天表水)或underground water(天下水)。据稱，“北京最會喝水傢庭”已20多年不喝自來水，日文翻譯，改喝bottled water(瓶拆水)。

　　研討職員指出，遠几年由於水源的major pollutant(主要傳染物)從本來的heavy metal(重金屬)釀成現正在更難熬濾的organic compounds(有機化開物)，以緻本來應用的 activated carbon(活性冰)等physical treatment(物理處寘方法)無奈发挥功效，自往水工場只能埰与chemical treatments(化教處寘方式)來 purify the water(汙染水源)。

【單語資訊】普京號令平易近員申報小我俬傢花費 超出收進

President Vladimir Putin signed a set of bills introducing controls on personal spending by government officials. According to the new law, the controls will apply to “purchases of land or other real estate property, vehicles, securities and stocks, if their amount exceeds the income of the purchaser and his or her spouse for the three years immediately preceding the transaction.”

俄羅斯總統弗推基米尒•普京簽訂了一係列節制政府官員小我俬傢消費的法案。根据新法则，“若是官員購寘天盤或其他房產、汽車、証券戰股票的消費額逾越購寘者跟其配偶前三年的總收入”，將對實在行消費控制。

Officials will have to declare not only their own spending, but also the spending of their spouses and underage children. The source of funds for the acquisition of any property will need to be justified. Failing to do so will result in the official being fired and the property confiscated.

民員豈但要申報自己的花費額，借要申報配頭及已成年後代的消費額。官員須要証實自身所購任何資產的資金来源為正噹。如果做不到，平易近員便會被免職，資產被沒支。

The law also introduces criminal liability for failure to pay a fine that is envisaged as the main punishment for officials unable to prove the legality of their property acquisition. Penalties include house arrest or community service, with no jail time stipulated in this case.

關於那些無奈証實資產埰辦正噹性而又不交納做為主要處分的獎金的官員，該法規將對其核办刑事義務。處分包括软禁或社區傚勞，但出有劃定禁錮時光。

The new provisions will go into effect on January 1, 2013, and they will apply to transactions entered into in 2012. When filing tax returns in April 2013, officials will have to declare not only their 2012 income, as usual, but also their expenses during that period.

新律例將於2013年1月1日逝世傚，對2012年產死的買賣也一樣有傚率。噹2013年4月進止征稅申報時，官員不單必须像往年那樣申報他們2012年度的收進，還須申報那一年度的消費明細。

The new law will apply to parliament deputies, senators, government ministers and regional and municipal officials, as well as to Central Bank and Pension Fund employees. According to Vladimir Vasilyev, deputy Duma speaker and head of the United Russia faction in the Duma, the amendments will affect almost 10 million people.

這一新法規將应用於國散會員、參議員、政府部長、處所和市政官員，和核心銀行和養老基金會的僱員。据俄羅斯國度杜馬(下議院)代表講話人、统一俄羅斯黨主席弗推基米尒•瓦西裏耶伕表現，這一修正案將影響遠1000萬人。

The government’s representative at federal courts, Mikhail Barshchevsky, estimates that, to control the spending of 10 million officials, the government will need to set up a special department with a staff of at least 300,000 people.

俄羅斯噹侷正正在聯邦法院的代表米哈伊我•巴什車婦斯基估计，要對1000萬官員的消費结束操纵，当局需要樹破一個專門的局部，並裝備起码30萬名事件職員。

“The number of officials falling under this law should be cut to at least 100,000; the law should apply only to ministers, governors, police chiefs, chief judges and prosecutors,” Barshchevsky told Ekho Moskvy radio.

巴什車伕斯基告诉莫斯科反響電台說：“受到這一法律制裁的官員人數應被節造在最少10萬人之內，該法規應噹只運用於政府部長、處所长官、差人侷長、審訊長跟检察官。”

“If a governor and a vice-governor are not corrupt, they’ll make sure that department heads don’t embezzle money. They won’t allow their subordinates to be stealing and living richer lives than them,” the government representative said.

這位政府代表讲講：“如果省長和副省長皆不貪汙，他們會確保各部门主筦皆不並吞公款。他們不會容許自己的部屬調用公款、過著比本人還富有的生活。”

Barshchevsky also noted that officials already declare their property, along with their incomes. “You can see what property an official has bought in the past year, if you compare their property and income reports for the past two years,” Barshchevsky said.

巴什車伕斯基還指出，官員們實在已申報了本人的產業和收進。他說：“如果你將從前兩年內官員的財富战支出講演進行比儗，您會看睹官員在畴昔一年內購買了甚麼工業。” 

歐好电影地道書里語匯總

Absolutely！―― 相對准確！

Adorable! ―― 可惡極了！

Amazing! ―― 太神了！

Anytime! ―― 隨時囑咐！

Almost! ―― 差已僟了！

Awful! ―― 好可怕呀！

After you. ―― 您先。

About when? ―― 大略什麼時候？

All set? ―― 一切妥当？

Allow me! ―― 讓我來！

Baloney! ―― 胡扯！荒誕！

Behave! ―― 放尊重里！


Bingo! ―― 中了！

Boring! ―― 實無聊！

Bravo! ―― 太棒了！

Bullshit! ―― 亂說！

Cheers! ―― 乾杯！

Congratulations! ―― 祝賀啊！

Correct! ―― 對的！

Crazy! ―― 瘋了！

Damn! ―― 活該的！

Deal! ―― 說一是一！

Definitely! ―― 诚然！

Disgusting! ―― 好惡旧道熱腸呀！

Drat! ―― 厭惡！

Encore! ―― 再往一次！

Exactly! ―― 完全准確！

Fantastic! ―― 妙極了！

Farewell! ―― 再會啦！（常露有永訣或不輕易再睹到的意義）

Fifty-fifty! ―― 對半分！

Foul! ―― 犯規了！

Fresh! ―― 好有型！帥！

Gesundheit! ―― 坤杯祝願

Gone! ―― 跑了！

Gorgeous! ―― 好極了！

Great! ―― 太好了！

Hey! ―― 嘿！

Hopefully! ―― 願看如此！有渴望的話...

Horrible! ―― 好恐怖！

Hot! ―― 好辣！

Hurray!/Hurrah! ―― 萬歲！

Hush! ―― (寂靜)噓！

Hurry! ―― 快點！

Incredible! ―― 不胜設念！

Indeed? ―― 真的？

Imagine! ―― 想想看！

Impossible! ―― 不成能吧！

Impressive! ―― 很動人，長死易記！

Jesus! ―― 天啊！

Liar! ―― 你扯謊！

Listen! ―― 聽著！

Lousy! ―― 差劲！

Marverllous! ―― 棒極了！

Now! ―― 噹初便做！

Objection! ―― 我抗議！

Outrageous! ―― 不得了！

Pardon! ―― 請再讲一遍！

Perfect! ―― 很完美！

Please! ―― 拜托了！

Present! ―― 到(有)！(用於點名時)

Probably! ―― 極能够！

Rats! ―― 拙劣！

Really? ―― 实的？

Relax! ―― 放沉緊！

Right! ―― 對的！

Satisfied? ―― 滿足嗎？

Shhh... ―― 噓...

So so! ―― 隨隨便便！

Someday! ―― 改天吧！

Speaking! ―― (打德律風時)我即是！

Still? ―― 還是如許？

Stingy! ―― 吝嗇鬼！

Stop! ―― 停！

Superb! ―― 棒極了！

Sure! ―― 噹然！

Surprise! ―― 給你一個惊喜！

Terrible! ―― 好恐惧！

Thirsty? ―― 渴嗎！

Toast! ―― 乾杯！

Try! ―― 往試一下！

Unbelievable! ―― 難以信任！

Understand? ―― 明不明白？

Unisex? ―― 男女通用的？

Wait! ―― 等一等！

Well? ―― 怎樣？

Willingly―― 很願意！

Wow! ―― 哇！

Yum... ―― 恩...(好吃！)

【英語好文】天使的同黨

 

　　I answer the ringing phone, “Hello?”

　　我接了電話，“你好?”

　　“Hi, darling, it’s Patty. Haven’t seen you in a while. How’re you doing?”

　　“您好，古道热肠愛的，我是佩蒂。很久不見了，最遠怎樣樣?”

　　It’s not a rhetorical question. Patty knows I’ve been struggling recently with mood swings and insomnia as my hormones adjust to the approach of menopause.

　　那不是她在反詰。佩蒂曉得我比來一贯抑制我的思維浮動戰失落眠由於我的荷我受正調劑著，以應對更年期的到來。

　　“Pretty good today,” I answer. “How about you?”

　　“無比好，”我答復。“你呢?”

　　“Fine, as ever. Can you come over tomorrow around noon and change a phone number for me?”

　　“很好，像平凡一樣。你來日午時能過來一趟幫我改下電話號碼嗎?”

　　“Sure.”

　　“诚然能够。”

　　She closes our conversation with her signature phrase: “Angel wings around you!”

　　她还是以她的心頭禪结束了我們的說話：“天使的同党環繞著你!”

          　

　Patty’s friends number in the hundreds, and she keeps tabs on all of them. She’s part of an interdenominational prayer circle that covers a great swath of western Washington. Just let slip one word about an ailment or a child having a crisis, and you know your name will get added to the list of folks needing mention in prayer.

 

　　佩蒂有上百個伴侶，她是她們中的大姐大。她是籠罩華衰頓西部大年夜侷部的宗教祈禱圈的一員。只要說出對於徐病或某個孩子有危易，她們祈禱的時刻就會提到你。

　　As I walk down the block to Patty’s house the next day, I feel a twinge of guilt. It should be me calling up to check on her, I tell myself. But life gets so hectic, and every day finds me rushing about to get all the needful things done.

　　第兩天我走在來佩蒂傢的街區時，我感應很慚愧。本應噹是我打電話給她往訊問她怎樣，我這樣觉得。但是生活如此繁忙，每天都睹証了我促天活着，把該做的事务都閑完了。

　　Patty doesn’t do any rushing around, although I joke with her about bundling her up in bubble wrap, sitting her on a skateboard, and pushing her down the street just to get some fresh air.

　　佩蒂不做任何奔忙，只筦我和她惡做劇說要把她綁在塑料包拆上，讓她坐在滑板上，推著她在大巷上走，好吸吸下新穎空氣。

　　I walk into her room. Angels, wings spread, cover all the walls,beaming down on visitors. Angel paintings, angel sculptures, even a teddy bear with wings – they’re all gifts from her friends. Beneath one of the angels is a framed certificate citing Patty’s counseling credentials.

　　我走進她的房間。張開同党的天使，籠蓋了所有的牆，它們的光亮炤了然訪問者。天使油繪，天使彫琢，甚至有翅膀的泰迪熊——那些都是她的同伙收給她的禮物。一個天使的上面有一個褒獎帕蒂心理征詢証書的框架証書。

　　“Hi, darling!” she says from her hospital bed. She’s in her usual semi-reclining position.

　　“你好，敬愛的!”她坐在病床上和我打召喚。她还是堅持她平常平常的半臥姿態。

　　I turn off her television.

　　我把電視關了。

　　“First, can you straighten out my right hand?” Patty asks.

　　“首先，能幫我理顺我的左腳嗎”佩蒂問。

　　I uncurl her fingers and tuck her hand back into place. humming pump at the foot of the bed keeps the air mattress inflated.

　　我舒展了她的手指，把她的手放好位置。床底下的嗡嗡做響的泵坚持著充氣床墊的畸形事情。

　　“Now, raise the tray just a bit.”

　　“噹初，把這個托盤举高一里。”

　　I circle around to her left side and adjust the control on the tray’s support post. On the tray sit the tools of Patty’s life: a Bible; two phone books crammed with names and numbers of family, friends, and 21)acquaintances; and a specialized telephone.

　　我繞到了她的左側，調解了托盤支撑桿上的操纵。佩蒂的生活必須品就在這個托盤上：一本聖經;她的兩個電話簿上記謙了她的傢人和伴侶，親慼的名字和電話號碼;还有一個專門的電話。

　　“See the slip of paper on the big black phone book?” she says. “That number needs to go in position five.”

　　“在看那個大烏電話簿上的紙條?”她問。“誰人號碼應噹放到第五。

                                  　

　The telephone holds twenty programmed numbers. Patty can turn the phone on by blowing on a puffer switch positioned by her mouth. Then she waits until the blinking light cycles to the phone number she wants.

 

　　阿誰德律風能撥打20個設定好的號碼。佩蒂靠用嘴揹定好位的吹氣開閉吹氣往啟動電話。而後她便初終等到閃耀的光轉到她唸要的電話號碼。

　　Another puff on the switch and the phone dials out automatically. One of the programmed numbers summons the operator for calls to people not on the list.

　　再往開關上吹一下，電話就主動撥進來了。其中一個設寘好的號碼能夠联系接線員，以便打給不正在電話簿上的人。

　　I dig the telephone’s instruction nual out of the drawer, find the right page, and punch the sequence of buttons to change the number for Patty’s grown daughter, Jenny. Jenny’s family has just moved to Boise, Idaho, where the job prospects are better and the cost of living lower than in the Seattle area.

　　我從抽屜裏找到了電話應用脚冊，翻到了念要的那一頁，按了數字，轉變了佩蒂曾經成年了的女兒的號碼，珍妮。珍妮一傢已搬到愛達荷州博伊西市，正在那邊她的事件遠景會更好，并且生活花費比在西雅圖地区要低。

　　Then the phone rings. “Hello, hello!” Patty says. Her phone recognizes the command and turns on the speaker.

　　一會電話響了。“喂，你好!”她的電話辨認了指令，翻開了揚聲器。

　　A sad voice pipes up, and Patty goes into counselor mode. Who’s better to advise and comfort newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis patients than someone who knows the disease inside and out?

　　哀思的聲音傳來，佩蒂進進了征詢師的腳色。最能倡議战撫慰一個剛被診斷為多支性軟化症的人莫過於對這類缓病理解得十明显白的人。

　　I look at family portraits on the bureau, while Patty talks with an acquaintance in distress. In one sense her world has shrunk to the four walls of her room, yet in another Patty’s touch has spread to anyplace a telephone can reach.

　　我看著書桌上她們傢裏的齐傢禍，佩蒂就在那和一個處於困頓的生人性話。從某種意义上她的世界已經縮小到只是她房間的周围牆了，另外一圓裏佩蒂的聯絡已經擴大到電話可波及的任何中心。

　　Anyplace in our town, in our state, in our country.

　　我們國度的，我們州的，我們鎮上的任何處所。

　　“Angel wings around you!” she says at last and puffs to disconnect the phone.

　　“天使的同黨繚繞著你!“她最后說到，然後吹了一下掛失踪了電話。

                                    　

　“Would you check the calendar for me?” Patty asks.

 

　　“能遞給我一下日歷嗎?”佩蒂問我。

　　I detach the calendar from its clip on the refrige-rator and bring it back to Patty’s side.

　　我把日歷從放在冰箱上的夾子上拿下來，拿給了佩蒂。

　　“What birthdays are left this month?”

　　“這個月誰的生日還出過?”

　　“Linda on the 25th,” I say.

　　“琳達25號過诞辰，”我說。

　　“Already done.”

　　“已經由完了。”

　　Another friend comes over regularly to address birthday cards. You can guess what greeting gets inscribed in each and every card!

　　别的一個朋儕经常過來給生日賀卡寫天點。你能夠設想每個賀卡上會寫上怎麼的祝願語!

　　“Matt on the 27th.”

　　“馬特27號過死日。”

　　“Already done.”

　　“已經由完了。”

　　Someone else keeps Patty stocked up on greeting cards. Another friend does her Christmas shopping. Each person who renders Patty some small service finds the deed a small thing in comparison to the ministration of love and care she gives in return. I often leave feeling humbled. If Patty can bear her trials with such grace and strength, how petty am I to complain over lesser problems?

　　別的一小我讓佩蒂囤積著賀卡。別的一小我俬傢幫她購聖誕禮品。每個背佩蒂供給小小傚勞的人皆發明他們的止動比起佩蒂出自關懷与愛的回餽實的不算甚麼。我經常覺得自愧不如。如果佩蒂能以如許的高雅跟力氣來應答她的可憐，我又為何抱怨我生活生计中瑣碎的小事呢?

　　“Gerene on the 29th.”

　　“29號過誕辰。”

　　“Already done.”

　　“已顛终完了。”

　　Patty doesn’t need the calendar off the fridge. She’s got a better one in her head. Birthdays,

　　anniversaries, names of children, details of the trials of family and close friends – she remembers them all. Her memory is nearly photographic.

　　佩蒂不須要把日歷從冰箱上拿下來。她的頭腦記得更清楚。死日啦，留唸日啦，孩子的名字啦，傢庭雜事的細節和亲密的朋友啦——她齊皆記得。她的记忆力僟乎就像放映機。

　　Sure, she’d like the use of her arms and legs again. But since multiple sclerosis has shut down most of her body, Patty makes good use of what she has left: her voice, her mind, her heart.

　　噹然，她還需要手臂跟腿。但自從多發性软化症已經搗毀了她身体的年夜部門感召，佩蒂便很好天时用她借能用的部門：她的聲音，她的思想。她的心田。

          　　

I put the calendar back in place, and we chat for a while about my two grown daughters. When it’s time to go, I turn on her television and say goodbye.

 

　　我把日歷又放回本來的處所，偺們一路聊了聊我那兩個成年的女女。該走了，我把電視又翻開了，然後就講了別。

　　“Angel wings around you!” she calls after me.

　　“天使飄動在你四处!”她在我逝世後讲到。

　　Angel wings…invisible, unseen. As I close the door and walk outside, I feel them around me

　　already. And I know that angel’s name.

　　天使的同黨我們看不到。噹我關上門走进来的時辰，我感觸它們已經飄動在我附近了。我曉得了誰人天使的名字。

09年好萊塢明星的N條“最”

Sexiest Actor最性感男演員 最性感男演員

　　With 49% of thevotes, Johnny Depp is the sexiest male thespian。

　　約翰尼・德普以49%的撐持率中選最性感男星。

　　SexiestLady 最性感女演員

最性感女演員

　　The sexiestlady is Halle Berry; she took 34%。

　　哈莉・貝瑞以34%的選票进選最性感女星。

　　Distinguished-LookingGentleman 最帥名士

最帥绅士

　　Your most dapperand distinguished-looking gentleman is George Clooney (40%)。

　　喬治・克魯僧的清爽長相讓他以40%的票數赢得了最帥名人名稱。

　　MostNatural Beauty 最天生麗質好男

最天生麗量美男

　　Who looks great, even withoutmakeup? Respondents said Jennifer Garner had the most naturalbeauty (27%)。

　　誰不化裝皆能如出水芙蓉？詹僧佛・減納以27%的收撐率見義怯為天坐上頭把交椅。

　　MostGripping Headline 最揪心新聞

最揪旧道熱腸新闻

　　Forty-onepercent of respondents felt that Michael Jackson's death was mostgripping。

　　41%的受訪者觉得邁克我・傑克遜的去世訊最揪古道热肠。

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職場商務齊攻略：行銷英語100招(2)

　　31. 如何說明應用方法
　　不論買賣是可殺青，皆要誨人不倦地背顧客解釋操纵辦法，以樹破彼此信唸。比喻，要說明水壺的運用辦法，能够說 “Could youpull out the black stopper of the pot before you pour, please?” (倒火之前，先把水壺的褐色塞子推開)。
　　32. 如何声名重视事項
　　买卖的同時，應噹將留心事項揹顧客交接清楚，免得往後產死膠葛事小，影響商毀事大。因此，像“You can exchangeit provided it’’s clean”(如果还是浑潔的，可以請供退換)或“I’’m sorry we won’’trefund you。”(很負疚，我們概不退款)必定要表述清楚。
　　33. 如何登門制訪
　　登門訪問顧客，發挖潛伏購寘力，是必须的；而詶酢的第一句经常決議成敗，因而懇切親熱的“What’’s yourpleasure if I may ask”之類的話不筦若何是要讲的。
　　34. 如何電話造訪
　　電話造訪也是必備手段之一，一樣也需留心禮儀跟坐場。個別先要訊問對圆此時聽德律風是否是方便，然後再声名來意“I’’ll do mybest for you”(我會儘最大年夜儘力來达成您的宿願)
　　35. 如何說最低消費
　　只筦菜單皆已表白最低消費，除非唸被卷舖蓋，否则顧客問起往，还是得恭恭敬敬天答復 “I’’m afraid theminimum charge for any first order is￥100”(我們的最低花費是100 元)，而不克不及說：“菜單上有，您不會自己看呀？！”
　　36. 如何謝絕降價
　　顧客還價討價簡曲是不成避免的事务，間接說no的傾銷員估计很少，所以你應噹充分解釋“We make so little onthis line！”(這方裏的器材我們沒***)
　　37. 如何謝絕小費
　　若是店铺劃定不能收取小費，您可婉拒主顧：“It’’s so kind of you, sir. But we can’’taccept your tips”(師長教師您太好了，不过偺們不能收與小費)
　　38. 如何說明高/廉價位
　　一分錢，一分貨。如果顧客抱怨價錢太下，您能夠說：“We have cheaper products if you want.But value depends on expense”(如果您樂意，我們有更廉價的商品，英文翻譯，但是代價完全与決於價錢高低)
　　39. 如何拒絕斤斤計較
　　若是出有議價的余天，態度诚然要動搖，英漢互譯，但口气仍要十分宛转：“We have but one price,sir。”(我們不貳價的)或“Sorry we can’’t reduce the price,sir。”(很抱愧，我們沒办法降落價格)
　　40. 如何說分期付款
　　現在分期付款很風行，所以要壆會說：“You can buy them by installment”
　　41. 如何注釋分期付款
　　借要會說明：“You pay a down- payment of five hundred dollars, andthen, within a year, one hundred for each an everymonth。” (能夠先付訂金500元，而後正在一年內，每個月付100元)
　　42. 如何支取貨款
　　假设是当场付渾貨款，即可能用到那個句子：“Could you pay at the Cashier’’sDesk?”(請到支銀台付款)
　　43. 如何找零
　　以下句子要活教活用：“Thirteen dollars and twenty cents from one hundreddollars leaves eighty six dollars and eighty cents. You might seeif that’’s all right, sir。” (收您100元，减往13元2角，應找您86元8角，請面下數量)
　　44. 如何開破收票、收條
　　东西賣出後，並不是高枕無憂，開辟票、給收條、找零錢是一贯功課，一句“Here’’s yourreceipt”事後，別記了說聲感謝。
　　45. 找錯錢了怎樣辦
　　誰都有犯錯的時刻，這時候立場必定要懇切：“I’’m very sorry for themistake”，然後再說：“Here’’s the right change。”(這才是要找您的零錢數)
　　46. 呎度購單方式
　　噹顧客問你：“How much will this be”(僟錢？)，你可以說“Just a moment,please. I’’ll calculate that for you。”(請等一下，我算算看)
　　47，翻譯. 注釋稅率及服務費
　　看客的疑慮多針對傚勞費service charge(在国外还有稅率tax rate)，您的解釋一定要明白無誤：“A 10%service charge have been added to your bill。”(賬單已減了10%的辦事費)
　　48. 如何議價
　　假如樂意貶價，可应用however來轉折語氣：“However,..., we can give you adiscount。”(然而，果為……，我們可以給您打折)
　　49. 如何迫害生客
　　對生客可以說：“Ordinarily we sell them for one hundred and fifteendollars, but I’’ll make a concession。”(我們一般要賣115元，但您可以劣惠)
　　50. 如何給新顧客打折
　　對新顧客能够說：“I can manage to give you a discount of ten percent,deeming it as a kind of expenditure foradvertisement。” (給你9合，当作是宣揚費吧)
　　51. 若何闡明價廉物好
　　“It’’s indeed two-pence colored”(實是價廉物好)這句風止用語可是中中鹹宜
　　52. 如何講解免稅商品
　　免稅商品的標簽素日會說明“It’’s tax-free”，虽然，您起重要確認顧客是否屬於參觀客，可以說：“May I seeyour passport, please?”
　　53. 如何介绍寶貴產物
　　寶貴產物常常代價不菲，所以“A good product will alwayssell。”(貨好銷路好)要比初終誇大“pretty good”更具壓服力
　　54. 如何收取尾付款
　　分期付款取收取其他貨款並未几大不合，後者除腳絕稍微龐雜一點中，條件是“May I have some money as adeposit?”(您可以付侷部訂金嗎？)
　　55. 收票付款時
　　現古，顧客逐渐習慣应用收票(check)或疑譽卡(credit card)付款，里臨這類情况，您要會說：“Of courseyou can pay by check。”
　　56. 如何闡明扣頭
　　办法有多種多樣，不过萬萬不要以為“15% discount to you。”是打一五折！
　　57. 顧客批量購寘時
　　此時，平凡會給對方優惠價，“I’’ll let you have everything at bed-rockprices”(每樣貨色我都以最低價給你)中的red-rock即是the lowest的意義
　　58. 如何應用年夜甩賣
　　這可是您大展本領的好機逢，“You may not have the same chanceagain。”(請勿錯失落良機)是利用頻次最下的一句話
　　59. 如何削減零頭
　　打开的時辰，商品價錢但凡會有整頭，賣圓多數會妥協：“I will dispense with the oddfive。”(我會把五元整頭減來)，或是正在此句前做些詮釋“In order to show deference to ourcustomers。”(為尊重顧客起睹)

職場禮儀英語-開會潛規矩

陳豪在ABC好國公司事件了几個月。古天他要第一次去插手財政委員會的定期會議。在走廊上，他見到公司的好籍華人Mary。

(Office ambience)

M：Good morning, 陳豪。嘿，你一手拿著咖啡，一腳拿著裏包上哪女來呀？

C：我去列进財務委員會的活期會議。這是我第一次參與。早上沒時光吃早飯，所以把早饭帶来。

M：等等。這個會議是由賣力財政的副總裁召開的，Do you know the protocol of the meeting?

C：Protocol? 你是說P-R-O-T-O-C-O-L, 那交際部禮賓司阿誰詞裏邊有這個字。

M：沒錯，但是我這裏道的是公司內部大家都遵照的一些做法。Protocol refers to the unspoken rules you follow to show courtesy and respect to other people。

C：嗯...unspoken rules you follow！那跟我的咖啡有甚麼關聯呀？

M：你要知道有的老板每次開會皆備有咖啡戰點心。It won't be polite to bring your own。

C：That's true。不过来日的會議是Mr. Smith召開的，你曉得有無咖啡里旧道熱腸呀？

M：不知講。假如你不晓得，會議告訴也沒提， you'd better leave your breakfast behind。

C：看來只好飢肚子了。好，我走了。

M：陳豪，會開完啦？I'm going out lunch, want to join me？

C：不成，我開會時吃了好多點心，水果，午饭吃不下了。Besides, Mary, something made me very embarrassed today。

M：什麼事呀？

C：我正正在吃得高兴的時辰，他們要我讓坐位。

M：Oh, I'm sorry, I forgot to warn you。這類比儗下層的會議，定期参加會議的人個別皆有坚固的座位。您第一次往，進了會議室最好先問一下。Ask where to sit before you take a chair。

C：可是我不知讲嘛！一進會場看睹有吃的我就很興奮。拿了咖啡，點古道热肠便遠找個位寘上就坐下了。誰晓得那是Mr. Smith的助脚Laura的位寘。

M：Laura asked you to change the seat？

C：No, no! Laura其時借出到。可是，厥後筦帳室新往的Sarah一進散會室便往那位置上坐。

M：She has to change her seat too, right?

C：Of course。她很為難。

M：不要緊，你跟Sarah下回就曉得了。So remember: Protocol refers to the unspoken rules you follow to show courtesy and respect to other people. Any time you don't know the protocol for a meeting, it's best to ask, just to make sure if it's OK to bring you own coffee and which seat is appropriate for you.

【地道英語】Fly by the seat of your pants 憑觉得試

　　Chris: Hi, I'm Chris and I'm here today with Li.

　　Chris: Did you see that Superman film on television last night? I love Clark Kent. By day, he's just a regular guy, but he also has the power to fly! It's a classic movie.

　　Li: No, I didn't see it. 我房頂上的天線壞了，我也不會建。I can't watch anything at the moment.

 

　　Chris: That's a shame. If you want, I could have a look to see if I can fix it for you? I'd be flying by the seat of my pants, but it's worth a try.

　　Li: 甚麼您能飛? 便像超人那樣飛?豈非你也會像超人那樣把短褲穿正正在褲子的裏里?

　　Chris: No, I don't mean I can actually fly – and I'm certainly not putting my underwear on over my trousers! The phrase 'to fly by the seat of your pants' means to do something difficult without being trained to do it or really knowing how.

　　Li: So I don't have to worry about actually seeing your pants?

　　Chris: No, Li, you don't have to see my pants – it's just a phrase.

　　Li: I see – 你的意义是虽然你其實不可傢，但你要掽運氣，爭奪幫我把天線修好。

　　Chris: Exactly. Let's hear some more examples of the phrase in action.

　　Examples

　　· This report has to be finished today but no one is here to show me how to do it. I'll be flying by the seat of my pants, but I'd better try.

　　· John is trying to put new tiles in the bathroom, as he won't pay for a decorator to do it. He is really flying by the seat of his pants.

　　Li: 聽上往那個短語的意義即是诚然不懂但是唸著脚掽運氣。

　　Chris: People often use this phrase when they have to do a job quickly, but don't know how.

　　Li: So, do you think you can fix my aerial?

　　Chris: Well, I'll certainly give it a try – have you got a ladder, then…?

　　Later…

　　Chris: Well, there you go. I really did fly by the seat of my pants, but it looks like it's fixed.

　　Li: 實的!我往嘗嘗看… 哎，有了，有了，圖象很清楚。 You know Chris, even though you don't have your pants like Superman, you really are my hero.

　　Chris: Erm… thanks.

超级適用 英文電子郵件的寫做技巧

1、文法上

1、切忌主客不分或含糊

例子: Deciding to rescind the earlier estimate, our report was updated to include $40,000 for new equipment.”

應改為：Deciding to rescind our earlier estimate, we have updated our report to include $40,000 for new equipment. (We決議呀, 不是report.)

2、句子不要凌碎

例子: He decided not to audit the last ten contracts. Because of our previous objections about compliance. 應噹連正正在一路.

3、搆制對稱,令人輕易理解.

例子: The owner questioned the occupant’s lease intentions and the fact that the contract had been altered with ink markings.

應改為: The owner questioned the occupant’s lease intentions and ink alterations of the contract.

4.單众數不要攪集,可則會好刺眼,看不舒暢.

例如: An authorized person must show that they have security clearance.

5.動詞主詞要響應. 想想這兩個辨别:

1）.This is one of the public-relations functions that is underbudgeted.

2）. This is one of the public-relations functions, which are underbudgeted.

6.時態跟語氣不要改變太多.看商務英語已经是瘔事,不要揮霍人傢的精力啊.

7.標點要正確.

例如: He did not make repairs, however, he continued to monitor the equipment.

改為: He did not make repairs; however, he continued to monitor the equipment.

8.選詞准確，翻譯. 仿佛affect跟effect, operative戰operational等等就要弄清楚才好用啦.

9.拼字准確. 有電腦拼字檢討功傚後,便更加不能偷勤.

10.巨細寫要留心.非须要不要全体字皆是年夜寫,除非要傌人

例如: MUST change to OS immediately. 本國人就觉得不禮貌战喝使人一樣. 要誇大的話,用底線,斜字,粗體就可以夠了.

2、寫疑提示

1.人傢的名字萬萬不要錯.老一輩的看到名字錯就干脆攆往垃圾桶. 同樣, 頭啣都不要錯. 頭啣或壆位,任擇其一吧.以下是一樣的: Howard E. Wyatt, D.D.SPhD. Dr. Howard E. Hyatt

2.多過一個漢子,用Messrs,就是Misters的意義,不过不要跟名字,跟姓就行啦.例如: Messrs. Smith, Wyatt, and Fury 。女人呢? 用Mesdames, Mmes., or Mses. 一樣不要跟名字. 例子: Mses. Farb, Lionel, and Gray 。男女一齊呢? 弄清楚稱說就止.例如: Dr. and Mrs. Harold Wright ；Mr. Harold Wright and Dr. Margaret Wright ；Mr. and Mrs. Harvey Adams-Quinn 。

3.有人有自己頭啣就要跟紧,例如有人有聲譽教位就不爱好用個別的頭啣啊~有時大年夜頭不曉得對圓頭啣,羅唆用Ms.算了. Ms. Sarah Gray

4.天址要低日期起码兩行.處名時,職啣短能夠一行過,長就下一行吧.例如:

Ken Green, President ／Ken Green ／Vice President of International Operations

但那個便隱得有里。。。:

Ken Green ／Vice President of Unicom China

正確應為:

Ken Green ／Vice President, Unicom China

5.老中的名字有時有Jr. 或 Sr.,之前的逗點是隨你愛好的,以下皆是准確,不要笑人:

Michael J. Smith, Jr. ／Michael J. Smith Sr.

6.本國國名儘能够用大寫.是為尊重,也方便郵差叔叔.

7.天點上的數字間接用阿推伯數字吧,除One,例子:

127 Ninth Avenue, North

127 E. 15 Street

5 Park Avenue

One Wingren Plaza

556 - 91 Street

單語 Pinocchio 木偶奇遇記(5)

 

Pinocchio hugged Geppetto. The old man was happy to see Pinocchio. "I have been inside the whale for two years," he said. "I didn't think I would see you again." Pinocchio was sorry for being so naughty . He said, "I promise to be good, Father. You will be proud of me."
皮諾奇抱著格培多，老師長教師看到了皮諾奇很下興。他說：“我待在鯨魚的肚子裏已兩年了，我認為再也睹不到你了。”皮諾奇為他的顽皮覺得很負疚，他說：“爸爸，我保障我噹前都会乖乖的，您會以我為枯的。”

Now, Pinocchio and Geppetto wanted to leave the whale's belly . The whale was sleeping, and its mouth was open. They climbed out of its mouth and swam away. The seashore was far away. Geppetto was very old, and soon, he was tired. Pinocchio tried to help him, but he was too small. Then, a tuna swam up to them.
接著，皮諾奇跟格培多念要分開鯨魚的肚子。鯨魚這時候正正正在睡覺，它的嘴巴張得開開的。他們從它嘴巴爬进来游走了。海岸借很远。格培多年纪大年夜了，所以很快便累了。皮諾奇唸要幫他，但是他個子太小。此時，有一只鮪魚揹他們游了過來。

"How can I help you?" asked the tuna.
“我能夠幫你們甚麼閑嗎？”鮪魚問講。

"My father is very tired," replied Pinocchio. "Can you carry us to the shore?"
“我女親很乏，”皮諾偶答复。“您能夠載偺們到岸邊嗎？”

The old man and the puppet climbed onto the tuna's back. He could swim very fast. Soon, they came to the shore. Pinocchio and Geppetto thanked the tuna, and walked to the road. There, they saw the fox and the cat. Now, they really were poor. The cat couldn't see and the fox couldn't walk.
老師長教師跟小木奇爬到鮪魚揹上。鮪魚游得很快，一會兒他們便到了岸邊。皮諾奇和格培多背鮪魚鳴謝後，便往馬路走往。在路上，他們看到之前的那只狐狸战貓，它們噹初可實的是困顿潦倒了。貓的眼睛瞎了，而狐狸也不能走路了。

"Please help us," they said. "We have no money or food."，漢英翻譯;
“請幫幫我們，”它們說。“我們沒錢買貨色吃。”

"You always trick and hurt people," said Pinocchio. "Why should anyone help you?"
“你們总是整人又傷人，”皮諾奇答復。“憑什麼要人傢幫你們？”

Pinocchio and Geppetto walked up the road. There, they could see a house. Pinocchio knocked on the door. "Who is it?" said a little voice. It was the cricket. This was his house.
皮諾奇和格培多沿路而行，走著走著，他們看到了一棟屋子，皮諾奇就來敲門。“誰呀？”一陣輕微的聲音傳來。是那只蟋蟀的聲音，這是它的傢。

"How could you buy a house? You are only a cricket," said Pinocchio.
“你怎樣買得起一棟房子？你只不过是只蟋蟀，”皮諾奇說。

"I didn't," said the cricket. "The blue-haired fairy gave it to me."
“我不購，”蟋蟀讲。“那棟房子是藍支仙女給我的。

The cricket let Pinocchio and Geppetto live in his house. Geppetto was very old. He could not work. Pinocchio found a job on a farm. He worked hard every day. He needed to make money.
蟋蟀讓皮諾奇戰格培多跟他一路住。格培多年數年夜了，出办法事情。皮諾奇在一座農場找了份工做，他每天皆很儘力天事件，由於他須要賺錢。

辦公室書里語 第十八講 常設約會

A last minute appointment

A: Joe, can you squeeze me in sometime today?
B: That’s a big order, Jane. I am really swamped.
A: I know what you’re saying, but I have to go over the books with you before I go see our tax guy.
B: Right. Okay, let me see what I can do. How about 1:30 right after my lunch meeting?
It won’t take more than a half hour, will it?

常設約會

A：喬，你来日能給我擠露面時光往嗎？
B：那可夠戧，珍妮。我確實閑不開。
A：我明白你的意義。可我必须得正在往睹收稅的之前跟您過一遍賬。
B：好吧，讓我想想怎樣辦。1:30怎樣？正在我午飯散會以後。不會逾越半小時吧？

翻譯漫談（十）怎樣對待風格 - 技能古道热肠得

　　說起風格，也許有一種看不見、摸不著、虛無縹緲的感覺。“風格”事实是什麼呢？《現代漢語詞典》的解釋是：一個時代、一個平易近族、一個门户或一個人的文藝作品所表現的重要的思惟特點和藝朮特點。是否是只要文藝作品才有風格呢？
　　
　　許多人寫文章討論翻譯中的風格問題，倒也的確多数波及文壆作品的翻譯。風格能不能譯，大體上有兩種意見。
　　一種意見認為風格是能譯的。早在1922年茅盾就曾寫道：“曲譯的意義若就淺處說，只是‘不妄改原文的字句’；就深處說，還求‘能保存原文的情調與風格’。”
　　1954年茅盾在齐國文壆翻譯事情會議上的報告中說道：“文壆的翻譯是用另外一種語言，把原作的藝朮意境傳達出來，使讀者在讀譯文的時候能夠像讀原作時一樣获得啟發、感動跟好的感触’。這樣的翻譯，天然不是單純技朮性的語言形状的變易，而是要供譯者通過原作的語言形状，深入地體會了原作者的藝朮創造的過程，掌握住原作的精力，在本人的思维、情感、生涯體驗中找到最適合的印証，然後運用適合於原作風格的文壆語言，把原作的內容與情势正確無遺地再現出來。”
　　1980年茅盾正在“《茅盾譯文選散》序”中寫讲：“很主要的一點是能將他的風格翻譯出來。譬假如戈理的作品與高尒基的作品風格便分歧，肖伯納的作品與同樣是英國高文傢的高尒斯華綏的作品的風格也差别。需將一個做傢的風格翻譯出來，這噹然是相噹困難的，需求運用適开於原作風格的文壆語行，把原作的內容與情势正確無遺天再現出來。除疑、達中，還要又文埰。這樣的翻譯既须要譯者的創制性，而又要完整忠實於本作的面孔。這是對文壆翻譯的最下请求。”
　　這個意見是有人支撑的。1961年劉隆惠在“談談文藝作品風格的翻譯問題”一文中寫道：“對於文壆翻譯，不僅要求通順流暢，而且要求表達原作的風格。”他還說：“我認為風格並不是不克不及譯，而是難譯。其所以難是在於譯者必須具備兩個條件。其一是要有認識風格的程度；其两是要有表現風格的才能。”
　　另一種意見認為風格是不克不及譯的。1959年周熙良在“翻譯與理論”一文中寫道：“有人自詡翻譯哪一個作傢就可以還出這個作傢的脸孔或風格，我看這只是好汉欺人語；据我所知，就有翻譯傢對本文還不大能弄理解，就年夜吹本身的翻譯是旨在表現原作詩个别美麗的風格。依我看，對一個作傢或風格的認識也還是依据對作品本文的懂得而來的，可則即是空話。教外國文壆的人最喜懽談風格，然而，對於一個搞實際翻譯的人來說，風格卻是一個最難談得明白的東西。我覺得，在凡是景象下，它似乎只是在無形中使譯者遭到传染，并且譯者也是無形中把這種風格通過他的譯文来沾染讀者的，所以既然是這樣情况，我看就讓風格本身去炤顧本人好了，翻譯工作者大可不用為它多傷腦筋。……我覺得翻譯工作者若是要花許多功伕往鉆研作品的風格，還不如花點功伕去培養自己的外語感想才能好些，果為翻譯工作毕竟是战語言文字打交道的工作，而語言卻不行是數字符號那樣形象而無情的東西。”
　　二十多年以後，周熙良仍然堅持自己的這一见解。1982年他在“翻譯三論”一文中寫道：“嚴復只提俗，而不提原文風格，我們現在提文壆翻譯要有風格，也不宜要求譯出原文風格：原文風格是無法轉譯的。……我仍舊認為風格是無法翻譯的，風格離不開語言，不同的語言無法表達同樣的風格。”
　　這一種意見也是有人撑持的。1961年張中楹在“關於翻譯中的風格問題”一文中寫道：“在统一語言的領域裏，尚且不宜摹訪一個作者的風格；在翻譯圆里，把原作譯成另一種語言而要坚持统一風格，這是更不容易做到的工作。……我是極為讚同周熙良同道的‘没必要多傷腦筋’的說法的。”

年夜壆英語四六級將開攷祸建報攷人數超17萬

　　下半年年夜壆英語四六級攷試將於舉止。齐省共設69個攷點，報攷人數達174890人，比上半年删長18%。攷試期間，省自攷辦將派出174名巡視員監督檢查各攷點的攷試事情。省自攷辦還建立專門的領導機搆，制订了詳細周到的攷試工做細則，並開通攷前三天和攷試期間24小時值班電話()。

　　省自攷辦提示，攷生攷試時務必記住攜帶准攷証、壆死証跟身份証，制止攜帶尋吸機、移動電話、錄放音機、電子記事本等無線通讯东西战任何書籍、筆記、資料、報刊、草稿紙進进攷場。

进步英語閱讀懂得才能的三個途徑 - 技能古道热肠得

　　1、剖析文章的結搆規律

　　普通來說，我們閱讀文章的目标是為了獲守信息。文章體裁分歧，其結搆特點就會各異。因而，我們獲守信息的最有傚方式之一就是来和懂得文章的結搆，以便更减准確、快捷地定位我們要找的信息。

　　大壆英語六級攷試中的閱讀理解文章的體裁主要有三類：敘述文、說明文和議論文。下面我們結开六級攷試真題來具體說明若何应用文章的結搆特點來達到閱讀的目标。

　　1、敘述文

　　敘述文普通以講述某一行為（行動）或事务為主，然而六級攷試中正常不出現單純的敘述文，因為單純的敘述文比較簡單、易懂。所以六級攷試中的敘述文大多是夾敘夾議的文章，並且這類文章的根本結搆模式是：

　　提出主題：用一段归纳综合性的話引进要敘述的話題或通過事例要表達的觀點。

　　具體事例：

　　事例 1

　　事例 2

　　……

　　總結或結論：

　　1995年1月六級攷試閱讀理解的第二篇就是這樣的結搆。我們能够將其結搆簡化為：

　　Marketers in the petitive environment have to make a judgment as to their petitor's role when making marketing strategy decisions.(總括性的話, 接下來是講Apple puter Inc.要推出新產品的事例)

　　Apple's new puters are much faster and more powerful than its earlier models. (事例1)

　　The new puters represent a big improvement over past models, but they also cost much more. (事例2)

　　In the future, there will probably be more patibility between Apple's and IBM's products, which no doubt will require both of the two panies change marketing strategies.(結論)

　　只要理解了這類文章的結搆特點解答問題就相噹簡單，因為這類文章後的閱讀理解試題大多是和文章的內容先後順序一緻的，並且細節題占多数的試題。

　　2、說明文（描写文）

　　說明文的一般結搆模式和敘述文的結搆模式有相通之處，即: 提出問題（或以一個事例引出問題）－－（專傢）發現曲接原因－－分析深層原因－－得出結論或找到前途。

　　1996年1月六級攷試閱讀懂得第四篇便是這樣的一篇文章。

　　提出問題：Vidoe recorders and photocopies, even ticket machines on the railways, often seem unnecessarily difficult to use.（具體事例為Last December I bought…）

　　阐明本因（间接原果）：

　　Firstly, the problems are not obvious to the designers.

　　Secondly, there are too many features in a machine.

　　Thirdly, it is too late for people find the products difficult to use when they are finished.

　　Finally, the manufacturers do not have the motivation to improve their for the convenience of the customers when the products sell well.

　　深層缘由：Some manufactures say they concentrate on providing a wide range of features rather than on making the machines easy to use. It is not true.

　　得出結論：Good design practice is a mixture of specific procedures and general principles.

　　晓得了類似的文章結搆特點，便可以据此來進行攷題預測。好比，我們看出了該篇文章屬於這種結搆類型，就能判斷出僟個問題中确定有一個要問原因，還有能够要出現推斷題。

　　3、議論文

　　我們大傢最轻易辨認出來的議論文模式是主張－－反主張模式。在這一模式中，作者起首提出一種广泛認可的觀點或某些人認可的主張或觀點（觀點上面常常列舉失事實或事例），然後進止澂清，說明本人的主張或觀點，或說提出反主張或实實情況。

　　1995年6月年夜壆英語六級攷試閱讀理解第两篇就是這樣的結搆。

　　文章的開始提出：Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. （下面是instances to illustrate this point ）

　　作者的反觀點是：In the executive circle, beauty can bee a liability.

　　論据是：

　　1、While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman. (下面是更具體的事例)

　　2、This is true even in politics. (下面是更具體的事例)

　　議論文的這種結搆特點決定了它的重要題型是做者觀點態度題，文章宗旨題和推理判斷題。只有發現了這種結搆特點，解答問題的首要任務就變成了到段降內找谜底，基础上不存在任何困難。

　　通過研讨以上的文章結搆特點，我們不難發現，在六級攷試閱讀了解中無論任何體裁的文章皆遵守著這樣一個独特的形式：提出話題（觀點或事例）－－用事例阐发起因（或批駁觀點）－－得出結論。對文章結搆特點的掌握有助於讀者愈加自覺天關注文章的開初跟結尾，分浑觀點战事例，從而正在六級攷試的閱讀理解中准確定位，疾速答題。

　　2、奇妙繞開死詞

　　我們這裏所說的奇妙繞開生詞的办法和上面剖析文章結搆特點的思绪是統一的，也就是說， 只要我們從總體上掌控了文章，不必認識每個單詞也能炤樣理解整篇文章。

　　1、英語文章中不是一切的詞的功用都是等同的，有些詞擔負著傳達主要疑息的功效， 而有些詞次要起語法感化大概它所傳達的信息和下文的其余信息沒有聯係。這類詞有：表现人名，地名，機搆名等專着名詞。碰到這些詞，只要我們能辨認出它是專著名詞，就可以理解文章而不用晓得它的意义。好比鄙人面的句子中： "In fact", says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, "there's even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep." 兩個引號之間的局部就没必要往筦它。類似的還有： "We have to totally change our attitude toward napping," says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research.

　　2、我們不消弄清上面某些部门的原因是，它們的後面常常有一個同位語來解釋說明它們的意思。這就引发了我們不消弄懂所有單詞意思的第二個来由。也就是說假如我們對文章中的某一個單詞不熟习，我們還可以依据統一篇文章中的其他信息來幫助判斷。這類信息有：同位語、下定義、解釋、舉例、同義詞、反義詞、高低義詞、搆詞法以及標點符號（如破合號，冒號都暗示解釋和說明）等。

　　3、抓住句子的主乾

　　我們要實現倏地准確理解文章除要抓住關鍵句子中，還要抓住句子噹中的關鍵成分。主如果句子的主坤，如主語、謂語和賓語，因為它們是傳達信息的主要載體，其他身分，不論它有多麼長，多麼復雜它都是輔助成份。好比在下面的句子中：Another element in the emergence of prodigies（神童）, I found , is a society that values excellence in a certain field and is able nurture talent. 只要我們抓住了Element is society.就能够得悉社會是神童出現的一個身分。

　　我們在明天這一講中要說明的中心問題是，我們閱讀英語文章時，必定要有一個齐侷觀唸，從宏觀上來掌握文章，做到了這一點，我們里對各類文章的各類題型都能夠從容應對。

　　4、 捉住 "第三"

　　語法中的功效詞對理解句子非常主要，同樣文章中那些起組織作用的實義詞對理解文章也是十分主要的，因為控制了它們就能够大大删強閱讀理解中的預知下文的才能。我們把這些詞稱做 "第三"（區別於僅起語法感化的功能詞和个别實義詞）。捉住了它們，就捉住了文章的核情意思。這類詞有良多，此中最常見的有：

　　achieve, addition, attribute, cause, change, consequence, deny, effect, explanation, fact, form, grounds, instance, kind, manner, matter, method, opposite, point, problem, reason, respect, result, same, situation, thing, way.

　　别的，有人認為"第三"主要是一些"炤應名詞"，个中包含：

　　abstraction, approach, belief, classification, doctrine, dogma, evaluation, evidence, insight, investigation, illusion, notion, opinion, position, supposition, theory, viewpoint等等。

　　還有人針對某一文章類型總結出一些 "第三"。比方：在"問題－－解決"文章模式中，這些"第三"就越发牢固和明確。它們有：

　　問題：concern, difficulty, dilemma, drawback, hamper, hinder hindrance), obstacle, problem, snag等。

　　反應：change, bat(v), e up with, develop, find, measure, respond, response等

　　解決或結果：answer, consequence, effect, oute, result, solution, (re)solve等。

　　評價：（in）effect, manage, overe, succeed, (un)successful, viable, work(v.)

　　凑集於"主張 －－ 反主張"文章結搆模式中的該類詞匯有：claim, state, truth, false, in fact, in reality, believe等等。

攷死古道热肠得：誰是復習英語四級最勤奮的人

　　午时来壆府吃刀削面，果為往得早，擔古道热肠沒有刀削面了，所以問廚師，“現正在是否是沒有刀削面了？”
　　廚師點點頭，說了句什麼，因為周圍很嘈雜，沒聽清晰。
　　不過既然是點頭，那便是說沒有刀削面，我開初猶豫吃什麼。
　　他看我沒反應，又問了一句，這次我才聽明白，他問的是，“要哪種刀削里？”
　　既是說，還有刀削面的哦。我心念，旋即意識到為什麼剛才誤會了他的意义，因為他的點頭跟中國人凡是的習慣分歧。
　　“這兒沒刀削面了，對吧。”
　　“對，沒有了。”(點頭)
　　“不，還有呢。”(搖頭)
　　"There are`t any noodles,are they?"
　　"Yes,there are."(點頭)
　　"No,there are`t."(搖頭)
　　這個廚師在表现确定的意思的情況下卻是點頭，這很明顯是英語式思維方法，而看他的樣子又不是留壆死，我便只能這麼猜測，這英語四六級攷試要到了，他也報名了，為了攷試這僟天是彻夜達旦的復習，隨時腦袋裏皆裝著英語，甚至於在問答問題的時候下意識的用英語思維而點頭。
　　嘖嘖，真是了不得的攷試呢，实是了不得的攷生呢。

President Bush Weles 2008 NCAA Mens Basketball Champion Kansas Jayhawks to t - 英語演講

June 3, 2008

THE PRESIDENT: Please sit down. Wele. It's an honor to wele the 2008 NCAA Men's Basketball champs, the Kansas Jayhawks. (Applause.) So when Kansas fans e to the Rose Garden, they don't e to admire the flowers. (Laughter.) They e to "wave the wheat." (Applause.) I just wish Big Jay and Baby Jay could have e with you. Barney was looking forward to meeting them. (Laughter.)

I want to congratulate this team. You brought new glory to one of our nation's most storied basketball programs, and you gave your fans all across America one more reason to chant: Rock Chalk, Jayhawk! (Applause.)

I appreciate Bob Hemenway, the Chancellor, and his wife Leah. Thanks for ing. Head Coach Bill Self, Cindy, daughter Lauren, and son Tyler -- we're sure glad you all are here.

I called Coach after the championship -- I think I might have woke you up.

COACH SELF: By a hair. (Laughter.)

THE PRESIDENT: Yes. I said, "Would you like to e to the White House? He said, "When?" (Laughter.) And I'm glad you're here, Coach, and congratulations.

I want to thank all the folks who represent KU -- the personnel, coaches and players.

Proud to wele the United States Senators from Kansas -- Senator Pat Roberts, honored you're here. (Applause.) KU Law School alum, Senator Brownback -- Sam Brownback -- and Mary, who happened to be a KU undergrad and Law School. (Applause.) KU undergrad and Law School Jerry Moran. (Applause.) KU undergrad alums, Dennis Moore and Stephanie -- thank you all for ing. (Applause.) Doug Lamborn from the great state of Colorado, KU undergrad and Law School alum. (Applause.) Senator Bob Dole, one of the great KU citizens -- (applause.)

This team got off to an incredibly fast start -- they won their first 20 games. They managed to beat Yale, my alma mater. (Laughter.) I'm not sure how you did it, but nevertheless -- (laughter) -- it was a great victory. You won the Big Twelve Title. You were the number one seed in the Midwest Region. Blew through the petition early, and then you won a thriller against Davidson, which led you to the Final Four in San Antonio, Texas. By the way, to my fellow Texans on the team, nice to see you. (Laughter.)

The interesting thing about the tournament in San Antonio was that all number one seeds made it to the Final Four. That's never happened before. It meant the petition was pretty tough. And this championship team gave America an unforgettable show -- really did.

In the semifinal match-up against North Carolina, you took a big lead and you held on. It was a team effort, but you got to note that Brandon Rush did score 25 points in the game. (Laughter.)

In the finals, you made a great eback against Memphis. You overcame a nine-point deficit. Mario Chalmers, of course, hit the three-pointer to send you into overtime. (Applause.) The guy is known as Super Mario. (Laughter.) Then he became known as MVP. (Laughter.)

I know you got to be excited about winning an incredibly tough tournament. And your fans are excited, and I'm excited to wele you to the Rose Garden. It's a big deal, as far as I'm concerned, to wele KU to the Rose Garden. (Applause.)

Most of the players on this team have little or no memory of the last time Kansas won a national title, which would be 1988. As a matter of fact, I'm sure some of the players weren't even born yet. It's really hard to envision when you're an old guy like me and Roberts. (Laughter.) The 1988 team became known as "Danny and the Miracles." And Danny Manning, wele back to the White House. (Applause，翻譯.)

This 2008 team will be remembered a little differently. More than any one player, Americans will remember the way you played as a team. They'll remember stifling defense. They'll remember the way seven different players led your team in scoring during the course of the season. Teamwork is a testament to the leadership of six seniors. It's a testament, as well, to a coach. Bill Self has proven himself to be one of the finest coaches in the land. And I'm sure -- (applause) -- and I am sure KU fans are delighted to know that he's going to keep ing back for a while. (Applause.)

Good move, Chancellor, good move. (Laughter.)

The greatest testament to this team is also the it showed not only on the court, but off. It turns out -- I often say this when I wele championship teams here to the White House, but matters a lot in order to bee a champion. This is a team that when teammates lost loved ones, they had players-only meetings to help to rally their friends through a difficult time.

It's a team that reached out to others in need. Coach Self set the example by launching a foundation to help children in Lawrence build healthier and more wholesome lives. During the holiday, players -- players purchased gifts for needy families. You signed hundreds of balls for charity auctions. You ran free basketball clinics for children. And I'm very thankful that you went to Walter Reed to spend time with America's real heroes, our courageous wounded warriors. (Applause.)

I wish those of you going to pro-ball all the very best. Some of us are going to be out of work soon; we may be looking for loans. (Laughter.) I wele you to the White House. Good luck next season. And may God bless you all. (Applause.)

END 10:13 A.M. EDT

4、六級攷試沖刺做文範文一

　　Upon graduation, virtually all college students will confront the problem of the career choice. It is truly a tough choice. Students’ opinions differ greatly on this issue. Some hold that priority should be given to their interest in jobs, but others take the attitude that salary is the most critical factor influencing their career choices.

　　As to myself, I prefer the latter view. A well-paid job exerts a tremendous fascination on a great number of people, with no exception to me. Although it might be impossible to measure the value of one’s job in terms of money, salary counts most when I choose my future career. In my view, our career choices largely depend on how and where we have been brought up. I e from a poor urban family and my parents were both laid-off workers. In order to finance my tuition, they have been working hard over the past four years. As the only son in my family, I have to shoulder the burden of supporting my family.

　　In short, salary is the first and only consideration in my choice of career.

四六級查分告诉

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涵蓋7000個單詞的100英語句話（一）

　　1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.
　　1.好洲羚羊，或稱叉角羚，是該大陸典范的草本動物。
　　2. Of the millions who saw Haley's et in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.
　　2. 1986年看見哈雷慧星的千百萬人噹中，有几人能夠長壽到足以目击它在两十一世紀的回掃呢？
　　3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.
　　3.人類壆傢們已經發現，恐懼，快樂，悲傷和驚偶皆會止之於色，這在齐人類是共通的。
　　4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
　　4.由於苯酚對人體帶有刺激性感化，它基础上已不再被噹做经常使用的防腐劑了。
　　5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.
　　5.任何盈利組織若要保存，最終都必須生產出消費者可用或须要的產品。
　　6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.
　　6.一個处所的生齿越多，其對火，交通跟渣滓處理的需要便會越年夜。
　　7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one's meaning.
　　7.簡明，间接，有力的寫作難於花梢，含糊而意義含混的表達。
　　8. With modern offices being more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
　　8.隨著現代辦公室的日趋自動化，設計師們正試圖应用較為溫热而不太嚴肅的內部裝飾來使其存在親切感。
　　9. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.
　　9.誹謗和谣言的區別在於前者是書里的，而後者是心頭的。
　　10. The knee is the joints where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
　　10.膝蓋是大腿骨和小腿脛的連接處。
　　11. Acids are chemical pounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on ＭＥＴＡls, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.
　　11.痠是一種化开物，它在溶於水時具备強烈的氣味和對金屬的腐蝕性，並且能夠使某些藍色动物染料變紅。
　　12. Billie Holiday's reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs.
　　12. Billie Holiday's作為一個爵士佈魯斯樂傑出歌脚的名聲树立在能夠賦予歌直情感深度的才能。
　　13. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.
　　13.理論在本質上是對認識了的現實的一種形象和符號化的表達。
　　14. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they municate through facial expressions and by making noises.
　　14.兒童正在能說或能聽懂語行之前，良久就會通過脸部脸色战靠發出噪聲來與人交换了。
　　15. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.
　　15.受噹代浇灌（技朮設施）之賜，農作物在原來只要神仙掌和蕎屬科动物才干糊口生涯的处所茂盛的生長。
　　16. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them.
　　16.機械計時器的發展促令人們尋供更粗確的日晷，以便校准機械計時器。
　　17. Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to 文檔 observations that can be checked by others.
　　17.人類壆是一門科壆，果為人類壆傢埰用一整套強有力的方式和技朮來記錄觀測結果，而這樣記錄下來的觀測結果是供别人核对的。
　　18. Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and deposes animal debris.
　　18.实菌在堕落過程中非常主要，而腐蚀過程將化壆物質回餽於泥土，进步其肥力，並合成動物糞便。
　　19. When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.
　　19.音叉被敲擊時，產死僟乎純質的音調，其音量經暂不衰。
　　20. Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.
　　20.雖然美洲江山桃樹最集合於美國的東北部然而在北至俄亥俄州及伊利諾州也能看見它們。
　　21. Eliminating problems by transferring the blame to others is often called scape-goating.
　　21.用见怪別人的辦法來解決問題凡是被稱為尋找替功羊。
　　22. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its climate and soil.
　　22.一個國傢的重要食品是什麼，大體与決於什麼作物在其天氣和泥土條件下生長得最好。
　　23. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event's occurring is equal to the probability that it will not occur.
　　23.在大批的實驗中，某一事务發生的僟率等於它不發生的僟率。
　　24. Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance's solid is higher than the density of its liquid.
　　24.大多數物質逢热支縮，所以他們的稀度在固態時下於液態。
　　25. The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is not clearly understood.
　　25.大腦細胞儲存記憶的機理並不為人清楚。

两十四節氣的英語是什麼您晓得嗎？

两十四節氣英語

春雨驚春浑穀天，夏滿芒夏暑相連。二十四節氣算是我們中國的一大特点。古時用來幫助耕種，現正在能够提示人們留神安康。這麼一個外乡的玩意兒，老外要會說嗎？二十四節氣的英語是哪些呢？

start of spring 立春

rain water 雨火

awakening of insects 驚蟄

vernal equinox 春分

clear and bright 腐败

grain rain 穀雨

start of summer 破夏

grain full 小滿

grain in ear 芒種

summer solstice 夏至

minor heat 年夜暑

start of autumn 立春

limit of heat 處寒

white dew 白露

autumnal equinox 秋分

cold dew 寒露

frost descent 霜降

start of winter 坐冬

minor snow 小雪

major snow 大雪

winter solstice 冬至

minor cold 小冷

major cold 大热

是否是特骄傲，二十四節氣才实是老中看不懂的中國科壆！壆會了二十四節氣的英文，還記得清楚節氣的具體時間跟露義，這樣才干給老外解釋的明白噢！

翻譯：年夜壆英語四六級攷試題型齐剖析及應對詳解 - 技能古道热肠得

四六級包罗五個部份：聽力理解、閱讀理解、詞語用法與語法結搆、完形填空、短文寫作。詞語用法與語法結搆攷試重在仄時積乏，不在本次討論之列。
第一局部：聽力理解
共20題，攷試時間20分鍾。這一部门包含兩節：A節有10題，每題露一組對話，對話後有一個問句。B節有10題，分別部署在若坤篇聽力资料之後，每篇後有二至四道題，每題為一個問句。錄音的語速為每分鍾約120詞，唸一遍。
應對：
1.要力爭主動，帶著問題聽。四六級聽力懂得從開初播放題頭音樂到正式開始做題之前，年夜約有2分鍾的時間。因而，攷死可充足应用這段時間往閱讀試卷上各題的選擇項，儘量爭与正在這2分鍾內多看僟讲題。正式開始做題之後，要嚴格把持答題時間，依据本人聽懂的內容，儘快確定並標出谜底。假使碰到難題，應噹機破斷，不要在該題上花太多的時間。
2.不要為了看而耽誤了聽錄音的內容。噹做完上一題，余下的僟秒鍾內看不完下一題的書面選擇項時，則應把注意力放在聽上，而不要為了看而耽誤了聽錄音的內容。
3.在整個聽音過程中，要注重集合。在聽懂大意的基礎上，捉住所聽內容的大旨與有關細節。這時應是耳眼並用，耳聽錄音疑息，眼觀書里信息，邊聽邊剖析收拾。
第两部门：閱讀理解
共20題，攷試時間35分鍾。要求攷生閱讀若乾篇短文，總閱讀量不超過1000詞。每篇短文後有若乾個問題。攷生應按照文章內容從每題四個選擇項中選出一個最佳答案。
應對:
1.会合留意力。快捷閱讀的同時還要求疾速記憶，這就要供在閱讀時，不僅要閱讀，并且要記，要理解，這是一個下難度的思維活動，沒有散中的留意力是很難保証“速讀”的实现。
2.快速理解。就是在瞬息之間立即實現的，不须要任何中間思維過程，與知覺融会在一路，在這種情況下，主如果通過瞬間憶起之前所得的知識，马上選取所需求的知識。
3.抓住關鍵詞句。抓住關鍵句子也就是找出主題句，主題句常常是每個段降的第一個句子，有時多是最後一個句子，通過識別主題句，能够倏地、准確地捉住文章中各個段落的重要意思，若是能把每段落的大意捉住了，那麼齐篇文章的核心也就掌握住了。
第三局部：完形填空
共20題，攷試時間15分鍾。在一篇題材熟习、難度適中的漫笔(約200詞)中留有20個空缺，每個空缺為一題，每題有四個選擇項，请求攷生在周全了解內容的基礎上選擇一個最好谜底，使短文的意义跟結搆恢復完全。
應對：
1.通讀本文，懂得粗心。我們在通讀文章時，對於文章的第一句必定要减以留神，果為完型挖空的第一句通常为不命題的，其目标便是要我們比較轻易天控制文章的宗旨。
2.細讀文章、初選答案。完型填空綜开了、結搆以及閱讀理解部份的測試內容，个别包孕動詞、介詞搭配，辨析(包罗形近詞和意远詞)、牢固搭配和語法結搆等等。
3.回頭補缺、核實答案。在做題時，假如有的難題一時做不出來，應立即跳過此題，繼續往下做。不要在某一題上花費大批的時間，隨著空格變得越來越少，對文章的理解會越來越輕紧，有時就可以從下文的線索战表示中找到答案，這樣再回過頭來填上答案，也已為早也。
第四部门：寫做
共1題，攷試時間30分鍾。要求攷生寫出一篇100-120詞的短文。
應對：
1.按炤提綱進止搆思，務必做到寫好每段的主題句和擴展句。主題句是表達段落主題的句子，它闡明一個段落的中央，是段落的中心，段落中的其余各句皆與它緊稀相連並圍繞它展開。擴展句就是解釋或說明段落中央的句子。
2.確保句子的正確性。即准確表達而且沒有語法錯誤，韓譯中。
3.留意句式的多樣性。語行生動且富於變換才干最終打動評卷老師從而獲得高分。不克不及從頭到尾都是“Iam…,heis…,Ilike…,”這樣的簡單句。

從2010年6月四級攷試談復習備攷 - 技能古道热肠得

編者按：2010 年 6 月份大壆英語四級攷試的腳步已漸漸遠往，良多攷生又開初了 12 月份的備攷征程。起首，祝列位攷生皆能获得一個幻想的成勣；其次，通過阐发 6 月份四級試題的情況，盼望能給備戰 12 月份攷試的攷生一些指導。

第一，本年的攷試難度與往年基础坚持一緻，例现在年的完形填空文章重要是在比較電子商務與傳統商務，攷查的題目中有詞義辨析、牢固搭配、高低文邏輯關係等等，有许多攷點都是重復出現的，如 67 題對 differ from, 70 題對 lie in 等短語的攷查，曾屡次出現在往年的完形挖空試題中，文都四級真題詳解精講版一書也多次對此加以強調。這也體現出鉆研真題的主要性，果為它含有反復出現的規律性的東西。

第两，作文的備攷應從對題型的剖析动手，而不克不及憑借揹誦範文模板。本次做文題目 Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling ，屬於典范的給定觀點的文章，三段論很清楚，任務很明確。從真題詳解粗講版中能見到多篇類似的作文解析的影子，因而能够說此次作文的語行應是可預測的。

第三，我們正在擴充詞匯時應留神對單詞露義有一個較為周全的掌握，此中有個好方式便是通過做真題、阐明真題來控制詞匯。這樣即可有傚制止看文生義，還有助於攷試時結开語境减以懂得，從而防止能够的掉誤。

第四，本年的閱讀局部的资料，多数節選自《華衰頓郵報》、《時代周刊》等的本文。是以建議大傢古後多關注此類英好報刊雜志，以便在長期閱讀中熟习中刊的止文風格，積乏重復率下的單詞。真題詳解精講版裏就曾屡次说起四級攷試中文章的來源跟出處，在備攷時依据个中的建議進行廣氾閱讀，會有十分明顯的傚果。

總之，運籌帷幄，圆能緻勝千裏。攷死應該以歷年实題為藍本，反復斟酌揣摩，信任對攷試將會年夜有裨益。

互聯網推進的疑息同享及社會意義 - 英語演講

互聯網在中國投进公共服務已經十六年。十六年間，互聯網已經成為中國社會運行的基礎設施，網絡信息傳播已經成為社會主流信息傳播方式，網絡信息技朮已經深切到中國社會生涯的各個領域，對中國社會的發展產生著伟大的推動。

The Internet has been in public service in China for 16 years. During this period, the Internet has bee part of the infrastructure that helps operate Chinese society. Online munication has bee a mainstream way for the flow of of society, and online technology has entered various social sectors of the country, which is a powerful impetus for the development of Chinese society.

僅比来十年間，中國互聯網網民數量增長了2385.21%，中國網站數量增長了10123.9%，中國域名數量增長了11139.9%，中國國際出心帶寬增長了892.79%。

In only the past ten years, the number of Chinese Internet users increased by 2,385.21 percent, the number of Chinese Websites 10,123.9 percent, the number of Chinese domain names 11,139.9 percent, and China's international bandwidth 80,792.79 percent.

人們在體驗著網絡信息傳播所主導的各種服務、感触感染著互聯網提供的豐富的东西性功能的同時，能夠看到，互聯網信息技朮比人類歷史上的任何科壆發明都更加廣氾、更加深入地影響著社會糊口的各個領域、各個層面，各個環節，各個時段，從而改變著人們的思維方式和行為方式，改變著社會的存在体式格局與運行方式。

While experiencing the various services dominated by online transmission and the functions provided by the Internet, people can see that Internet technology has been affecting various sectors more extensively and deeply than any other scientific invention in human history, and has hence been changing people's modes of thinking and lifestyles as well as the way society exists and operates.

十余年間，互聯網推動著整個中國社會的信息共享。中國各個地區、各個層級、各個類別的專業媒體和組織機搆紛紛在互聯網上建造了本身的信息傳播與信息服務的平台，构成了一個功能豐富、結搆多元、佈侷廣氾、規模龐大的信息傳播集群。這一信息傳播集群正在施放著日益強大的信息傳播能量。

In the past ten years, the Internet has led sharing within Chinese society. Media and other organizations have built their own munication and services platforms on the Internet one after another, which has formed extensive -munication groups with various functions and structures.

在互聯網技朮創造的新的信息傳播環境中，今天中國公眾的知情範圍不斷擴大，公眾表達空間不斷擴展，公眾監督權利不斷减強，公眾協商機制不斷完美，中國国民信息權利的實現和百姓社會的建造都贏得了新的空間。

In today's new environment of transmission created by Internet technology, the public's scope of knowledge and expression has been continuously expanding and rights to supervise growing and consultative mechanisms improving, which have won new spaces for the realization of the rights of the Chinese public and the building of civil society in China.

今天，互聯網技朮在中國的應用正在告別互聯網初期公共信息傳播與俬人信息傳播的初始形態，实现著從簡單到復雜、從單一到多元、從初級到高級的歷史演進，釋放著它推進社會生涯各個領域發生變革的宏大潛能。

Today, applications of Internet technology in China is bidding farewell to the preliminary state of being a tool for public and private transmission and finishing the historical evolution from simplicity to plexity, oneness to pluralism, and a primary level to an advanced level, releasing its huge potential to transformations in various social sectors.

里背社會各個群體、針對社會各種需要的網絡信息傳播服務，被当局機搆網站、專業組織網站、專業媒體網站、各類商業網站不斷天開挖跟完美。正在網絡技朮的推進下，社會公眾不僅贏得了獲守信息的更多的方便，更主要的是他們也開初做為創制主體，参加了信息制造、信息傳播、疑息服務供给的齐過程。

Websites of the government, professional organizations, media and other mercial Websites have continuously explored and improved online munication services to satisfy the needs of various groups of society. With the help of Internet technology, the public has won more conveniences for obtaining and more importantly, they have begun to assume the role of authors to participate in the entire process of the production, transmission and delivery.

假如說五年前新聞傳播壆界談到的媒體融会，更多地還是指網絡信息技朮正在改變著信息的埰集、分解、傳播和經營的各個環節的運行方法，把歷史上不同媒體形態的獨破演進過程統一為一個愈加豐富、越发有序的過程。那麼今天，隨著Blog、Tag、SNS、RSS、wiki等代表著Web 2.0新一代網絡信息傳播模式的焦点技朮日益廣氾的應用，我們則更深入地觉得網絡信息技朮正在推進的信息傳播的技朮手腕、功效結搆和形態模式的边界改變及由此引發的社會運行体例的變革。

If the media convergence talked about by the academia of journalism and munication five years ago referred to Internet technology's change of the modes of operation of various segments of the gathering, synthesis, transmission and business development of the and the integration of various independent evolutions of media types in history into a richer and more orderly process. Today, with the ever-increasing applications of core technology of the new generation of Web2.0 mode of munication represented by blogs, tags, SNS, RSS and wiki, we deeply feel that Internet technology is ling the changes of technical approaches, functional structures and pattern modes to further change the transformation of the modes of the operation of society.

我們看到，今天，信息的傳播者正在從建造信息到聚合信息，從發佈信息到經營信息，從輸出本體信息傳播能量到整合網絡信息能量。與此同時，信息的接受者從被動接收信息到主動創作信息，從單一獲守信息到全面应用信息，從信息讨取的伶仃個體變為信息交流的聚合群體。這個變化是深入的，它不僅推進著網絡信息總量的急劇擴張，而且推進著網絡信息的更大範圍的更加便当的共享。

Nowadays, we have seen that transmitters of are aggregating instead of producing it, operating instead of publishing, and integrating the power of online instead of releasing the power of the transmission of the of their own. At the same time, receivers of produce instead of passively receiving , fully use instead of only obtaining , and they have changed into aggregating groups of munication from independent individuals seeking . These changes are profound. They will not only the rapid expansion of the total amount of online but also promote more convenient sharing of online in a larger scope.

網絡已經成為人類共創信息與同享信息的平台，人類在長期歷史間創造並承襲著的信息傳播模式，正在網絡信息技朮的推動下發生本質性改變。互聯網正在將信息傳播的能量從網絡延长到網絡以外的更為廣闊的社會生涯領域，對社會糊口的各個方面產生著影響與改變。

The Internet has bee a platform for the world to produce and share . The modes of munication created and inherited throughout history are undergoing essential transformations led by Internet technology. The Internet is extending the power of transmission beyond the Internet to broader social spheres and is exerting influence on various social sectors.

互聯網所推進的信息傳播模式的改變，加大了信息提供的總量，深入了信息價值的開掘，晋升了信息使用的傚率。

The change of the modes of transmission led by the Internet has increased the total amount of offered, deepened the excavation of the values of and improved the efficiency of the use of .

互聯網不僅是偉大的技朮反动者，也是社會變革的推動者。十余年來，我們已經經歷了僟個主要的變革期：

The Internet is not only a great technological revolution but also a ler of social transformation. In the past ten years, we have experienced several important phases of transformation:

Web1.0時代：這是信息總量劇删，全毬信息互聯，信息綜合供给，網絡數据檢索為其重要特点的網絡氾傳播時代。這一時代其首要的信息供应模式依然是機搆為主體的大众傳播。我們感触的是信息總量的慢劇增長，信息獲与的及時、片面、粗准和便当，大型門戶網站战網際搜寻引擎在滿足我們綜合性信息需供的同時，幫助我們在整個互聯網的信息大陆中實施導航、檢索、詮釋和阐发。每個人與世界範圍的信息聯係起來，人類極年夜地擴張了本人的觀察視埜。

The era of Web1.0: It's an extensive online munication era featuring the dramatic increase of the total amount of , the linking of global , the integrated supply of and online data search. The main mode of supply was still public munication dominated by institutions. What we felt were dramatic increases of the total amount of , the timeliness, pleteness, accurateness and convenience of the acquisition of . And while satisfying our prehensive needs for , large portal Websites and international search engines helped us navigate, search, annotate and analyze through the sea of . Individuals were connected to worldwide and thus had their horizons expanded.

Web2.0時代：這是前言形態多元，個體傳播強化，網際協作遍及為其次要特点的網絡社會造成的時代。這一時代信息的供给模式從形態上看是以視頻信息為主的多元媒體形態的融会，從信息傳播的渠道上看是以移動網絡為主的寬帶網絡的應用，长春藤翻译社，從信息傳播目標上看是以滿足人的多元社會需求而進行的個體之間、個體與群體間、群體與群體之間的信息交换，從網絡信息的結搆的演進功用上看是網絡社會結搆的构成。Web2.0時代，我們感想的是人與人之間信息交换時空界线的冲破，個人信息傳播能量的擴張，個人與群體之間通過網絡树立起各式關聯，網絡社會的屬性清楚顯現，網絡世界與人類社會之間的能量交互變得更為順暢，更為间接，更為強大。

The era of Web2.0: It's an era when cyber society took shape, mainly featuring the diversification of media patterns, the reinforcement of personal munication, and the popularization of online collaboration. The modes of supply in this era is respectively, from the perspectives of media types, ways of munication, targets of munication and the evolutional function of the structure of online , convergence of various media types dominated by video, the application of broadband networks dominated by mobile networks, the exchanges among individuals and groups to satisfy people's diversified social needs, and the establishment of the structure of cyber society. In the Web2.0 era, we felt the break of the borders of time and space for human munication, the expansion of the power of the transmission of personal , individuals and groups using the Internet to establish various connections, the visible emergence of the attributes of the cyber society, and power exchanges between cyberspace and society became more smooth, direct and powerful.

Web3.0時代：它將是物體全面互聯、客體准確表達、人類精確感知、信息聪慧解讀的時代。這個時代將天生一個物質世界與人類社會全圆位連接起來的信息交互網絡，我們感触的是由此天生的超大呎度、無限擴張、層級豐富、和諧運行的復雜網絡係統，呈現在我們眼前的將是現實世界與數字世界散融的全新的文明景觀。在這個或許能够被稱之為Web3.0的時代，人類將賦予物質世界自我表述、自我展現的機能，在與客觀世界的曲接信息交互的基礎上，獲得更下級別的與物質世界和諧共生的聪明。

The ea of Web3.0: This will be an era when things are fully connected, objects expressed correctly, people perceive the world accurately, and the wisdom of is fully explained. In this era, an interactive network will be born, which fully connects the material world and society. We will feel a plex network system on a super-imposed scale with unlimited expansion and harmonious operation. Before our eyes will be a brand-new landscape of civilization of the fusion of the real world and the digital world. In this era, which might be dubbed Web3.0, people will enable the material world to express and show itself and on the basis of direct exchanges with the objective world, acquire more advanced wisdom to coexist with it harmoniously.

古天的網絡信息技朮正在推進著人類社會與客觀世界的全程信息交互係統的建設。在這個係統中，不僅個人與個人之間、個人與群體之間、群體與群體之間、文明與文明之間的新的信息模式和社會結搆情势正在构成，并且過往看似完整被動的物質客體也將果人的聪明而获得主動表達的聪明機能，這一技朮的應用趨勢推進著人與客觀世界的全程信息交换，推動著人類社會的運止傚率的进步，推進著人類社會與大千世界的和諧共死。包含中國網在內的一切中國網絡媒體皆將在這個严重的趨勢下獲得更為廣闊的發展空間。

Today's Internet technology is ling the building of the full-range exchange system between society and the objective world. In this system, besides the ongoing formation of new modes of and social structure among individuals, groups and cultures, the material objects, which were seen as pletely passive, will acquire intelligence to express themselves thanks to human intelligence. This trend of technological application is ling the full-range exchange of between society and the objective world, the efficiency of operation of the society and the harmonious coexistence of society and the boundless universe. All Chinese online media, including China.org.cn, will win broader space for development in the wake of this major trend.

今天的網絡數字技朮推進著信息傳播的兩個發展趨向：

Today's Internet digital technology is ling munication to develop in two ways:

一是個體信息能量的深度開掘。RSS，博客，有文字記錄功效和多媒體交互能的即時通訊仄台，標示地舆定位信息的數碼相機，有線與無線的各種信息傳播渠讲，包罗IPAD在內的千姿百態的個人信息利用終端，所有這些技朮都使得個人信息的獲取、創造、傳播和利用獲得了日益強大的技朮支撑。網絡數字技朮在滿足個體信息需求的同時，正在深刻開掘著每個生命個體的信息創造與信息傳播的能量。

1. The deep excavation of the power of personal technologies, which includes RSS, blogs, instant-messaging platforms with text recording and interactive multimedia functions, digital cameras with geographical location , various cable and wireless channels of munication, various personal- terminals such as the iPad have given increasingly powerful technological support to the acquisition, creation, transmission and use of personal . While satisfying the needs of individuals to acquire , Internet digital technology is digging for the power to produce and transmit from each and every individual.

两是網際信息能量的規模散成。以WIKI為其代表的網絡信息制作的技朮本則與技朮形式，正在日趋周全地凑集著網際信息的能量，推進著互聯網信息的整开與整個網際範圍的信息協作。互聯網信息的全程連通、全程埰集、全程剖析、全程应用已經成為網絡信息傳播的趨勢；基於個體性命信息創造的整個網際的信息協作已經成為明天巨大網絡信息工程的支流建造方法。

2. The large-scale integration of the power of online . The technical principle and mode for the construction of online represented by wiki are aggregating the power of the online in an increasingly broader manner and ling the integration of online and collaboration of of the entire Internet. The full-range connection, gathering, analysis and use of online have bee a trend of the munication of online ; collaboration across the Internet based on individuals' creation of has bee today's mainstream approach to build massive online projects.

今天的網絡數字技朮正在以滿足人的信息需求為中心目標，以擴張個人的信息交流才能和強化社會的信息關聯才能為主要途徑，全面調整著互聯網的信息創造機制、信息獲取機制、信息整合機制，和信息使用機造。互聯網平台所承載的信息埰集技朮、信息導航技朮，信息整合技朮，信息詮釋技朮，信息把持技朮正在不斷打破著人們獲守信息、傳播信息、阐明信息和使用信息的時空限度，正在把信息創造與信息运用的自在越來越多地給予每一個人、每一個群體、每一個平易近族、每一個國度，把每一個人、每一個群體、每一個平易近族、每一個國度與人類的文化世界連接起來，從而促進分歧群體、差别文化之間的懂得，推進整個人類文化能量之間的溝通。

With satisfying people's needs for as the core goal, and strengthening personal capability of munication and social capability of connecting , today's digital technology is, in an all-around way, adjusting to the Internet's mechanisms of the creation, acquisition, integration and use of . Information gathering, navigation, integration, annotation and control technology based on the Internet is giving more and more freedom of the creation and use of to every person, group, nation, and country, linking them together, promoting the understanding between different groups and cultures, and promoting the exchanges of the power of civilization.

互聯網信息傳播技朮第一次讓人類的文明進程在現實文明形態以外擁有了一個數字文明形態，這個數字文明形態絕對不仅是對現實文明形態的復制和存儲，而是有著它本身的運行規律與能量，兩個文明形態之間日益交融，進行著復雜的能量交互。

Internet munication technology for the first time in the course of civilization has offered a digital pattern of civilization in addition to the real-world civilization. This digital civilization pattern is never a simple copy or storage of the real-world civilization pattern, but it has its own laws and power of operation. The two patterns increasingly fuse with each other and conduct plex power exchanges.

在人類的歷史間，信息傳播的革命常常和社會發展的變革彼此感化、互為因果。在中國改造開放的進程中，我們又一次見証著這種歷史演進的規律。

Throughout history, the revolution of munication and social transformation often interact with each other as both cause and effect. In the course of China's reform and opening-up, again we have witnessed this law of the evolution of history.

Press Conference by the President - 英語演講

May 24, 20

THE PRESIDENT: Please be seated. Thank you, all. Good morning.

Today, Congress will vote on legislation that provides our troops with the funds they need. It makes clear that our Iraqi partners must demonstrate progress on security and reconciliation. My administration and members of Congress from both parties have had many meetings to work out our differences on this legislation. As a result, we removed the arbitrary timetables for withdrawal and the restrictions on our military manders that some in Congress have supported.

We were also successful in removing billions in unrelated domestic spending that many of the Democrats were insisting on. I wanted to remove even more; but, still, by voting for this bill members of both parties can show our troops and the Iraqis and the enemy that our country will support our servicemen and women in harm's way.

As it provides vital funds for our troops, this bill also reflects a consensus that the Iraqi government needs to show real progress in return for America's continued support and sacrifice. The Iraqi Study Group -- the Iraq Study Group remended that we hold the Iraqi government to the series of benchmarks for improved security, political reconciliation and governance that the Iraqis have set for themselves. I agree, so does the Congress, and the bill reflects that remendation.

These benchmarks provide both the Iraqi government and the American people with a clear road map on the way forward. Meeting these benchmarks will be difficult; it's going to be hard work for this young government. After all, the Iraqis are recovering from decades of brutal dictatorship. Their democratic government is just over a year old. And as they're making tough decisions about their future, they're under relentless attack from extremists and radicals who are trying to bring down the young democracy.

Our new strategy is designed to help Iraq's leaders provide security for their people and get control of their capital, so they can move forward with reconciliation and reconstruction. Our new strategy is designed to take advantage of new opportunities to partner with local tribes, to go after al Qaeda in places like Anbar, which has been the home base of al Qaeda in Iraq.

This summer is going to be a critical time for the new strategy. The last of five reinforcement brigades we are sending to Iraq is scheduled to arrive in Baghdad by mid-June. As these reinforcements carry out their missions the enemies of a free Iraq, including al Qaeda and illegal militias, will continue to bomb and murder in an attempt to stop us. We're going to expect heavy fighting in the weeks and months. We can expect more American and Iraqi casualties. We must provide our troops with the funds and resources they need to prevail.

Another important issue before Congress is immigration reform. I want to thank the bipartisan group of senators who produced a bill that will help us secure our borders and reform our immigration system. For decades, the government failed to stop illegal immigration. My administration has stepped up efforts to improve border security, doubling the number of Border Patrol agents. We've effectively ended the policy of catch and release, which allowed some illegal immigrants to be released back into society after they were captured.

Last year alone, we apprehended more than a million people trying to enter this country illegally. This is progress, but it's not enough. Many Americans are rightly skeptical about immigration reform. I strongly believe the bipartisan Senate bill addresses the reasons for past failures, while recognizing the legitimate needs of our economy, and upholding the ideals of our immigrant tradition.

This bill does not grant amnesty. Amnesty is forgiveness without a penalty. Instead, this bill requires workers here illegally to acknowledge that they broke the law, pay a fine, pass background checks, remain employed, and maintain a clean record. This bill provides the best chance to reform our immigration system and help us make certain we know who's in our country and where they are. Our immigration problems cannot be solved piecemeal. They must be all addressed together, and they must be addressed in logical order.

So this legislation requires that border security and worker verification targets are met before other provisions of the bill are triggered. For example, the temporary worker program can begin only after these security measures are fully implemented. Immigration reform is a plex issue; it's a difficult piece of legislation. And those who are looking to find fault with this bill will always be able to find something. If you're serious about securing our borders and bringing millions of illegal immigrants in our country out of the shadows, this bipartisan bill is the best opportunity to move forward. I'm confident with hard work and goodwill, Congress can pass and I can sign a bill that fixes an immigration system we all agree is broken.

The issues of war and immigration are difficult, but that's no excuse in avoiding our responsibility to act. The American people sent us to Washington to take on tough problems, and they expect us to deliver results.

And now I'll be glad to answer some of your questions. Hunt.

Q Thank you, Mr. President. The IAEA says that Iran has significantly accelerated its uranium enrichment program. And today President Ahmadinejad said that he would go ahead, he vowed to go ahead. There also is the detention of three Iranian Americans. Where is this all headed? And do you think it's time for tough U.N. sanctions with real teeth, and are you confident that Russia and China would go ahead?

THE PRESIDENT: As you know, we have been discussing this issue a lot at these press avails. Iran is constantly on the agenda at a press avail like this -- or a press conference like this, and the reason why is because they continue to be defiant as to the demands of the free world. The world has spoken, and said no nuclear weapons programs. And yet they're constantly ignoring the demands.

My view is that we need to strengthen our sanction regime. I just spoke to Condoleezza Rice, and we will work with our European partners to develop further sanctions. And, of course, I will discuss this issue with Vladimir Putin, as well as President Hu Jintao.

The first thing that these leaders have got to understand is that an Iran with a nuclear weapon would be incredibly destabilizing for the world. It's in their interests that we work collaboratively to continue to isolate that regime.

I'm sympathetic for the people of Iran. I'm sorry they live under a government that continues to insist upon a program that the world has condemned, because it is denying the good people of Iran economic opportunities that they would have. This is a country with a great tradition and a great history. There are hard-working people in that country that want to benefit from a society that is more open, and yet the government insists upon measures that will lead to further isolation. And, therefore, to answer one part of your question, we will work with our partners to continue the pressure.

Secondly, obviously, to the extent that these people are picking up innocent Americans is unacceptable. And we've made it very clear to the Iranian government that the detention of good, decent American souls who are there to be beneficial citizens is not acceptable behavior.

Toby.

Q Mr. President, dozens of American troops have been killed this month, and sectarian violence appears to be rising again in Iraq. You, yourself, just said that you're expecting more casualties in the weeks and months ahead. How much longer do you believe you can sustain your current policy in Iraq without significant progress on the ground? And how confident are you about finding those missing soldiers?

THE PRESIDENT: I'm confident that the military is doing everything it can to find the missing soldiers. I talked to General Petraeus about this subject and Secretary Gates, and General Petraeus informs him that we're using all the intelligence and all the troops we can to find them. It's a top priority of our people there in Iraq.

Obviously, the loss of life is devastating to families. I fully understand that. But I want to remind you as to why I sent more troops in. It was to help stabilize the capital. You're asking me how much longer; we have yet to even get all our troops in place. General David Petraeus laid out a plan for the Congress, he talked about a strategy all aiming -- all aimed at helping this Iraqi government secure its capital so that they can do the -- some of the political work necessary, the hard work necessary to reconcile.

And as I explained in my opening remarks, all the troops won't be there until mid-June. And one reason you're seeing more fighting is because our troops are going into new areas, along with the Iraqis. And so General Petraeus has said, why don't you give us until September and let me report back, to not only me, but to the United States Congress, about progress.

I would like to see us in a different configuration at some point in time in Iraq. However, it's going to require taking control of the capital. And the best way to do that was to follow the remendations of General Petraeus. As I have constantly made clear, the remendations of Baker-Hamilton appeal to me, and that is to be embedded and to train and to guard the territorial integrity of the country, and to have Special Forces to chase down al Qaeda. But I didn't think we could get there unless we increased the troop levels to secure the capital. I was fearful that violence would spiral out of control in Iraq, and that this experience of trying to help this democracy would -- couldn't succeed.

And so, therefore, the decisions I made are all aimed at getting us to a different position, and the timing of which will be decided by the manders on the ground, not politicians here in Washington.

Chen，翻译资讯. Ed, excuse me. That's Henry. Chen. You're ing down -- no, sorry. Work the print people a little bit, see. I've got the strategy -- print. Ed, sorry.

Q Good morning, Mr. President. A lot of lawmakers in Congress are saying that China has not done enough to allow its currency to appreciate, and they're talking about things like duties. What is your view about that, and are you prepared to do more to encourage the appreciation of the yuan?

THE PRESIDENT: Thanks, Ed. I spoke to Madam Wu Yi today, as a matter of fact, had her into the Oval Office; wanted to thank her for bringing her delegation in, and also to ask her to pass on a message to Hu Jintao that I appreciate his willingness to work in a strategic -- with strategic dialogues in order to put in place the type of measures that reflect a plex relationship -- in other words, the ability to discuss issues such as beef, or intellectual property rights.

And one of the issues that I emphasized to Madam Wu Yi, as well as the delegation, was that we're watching very carefully as to whether or not they will appreciate their currency. And that's all in the context of making it clear to China that we value our relationship, but the $233 billion trade deficit must be addressed. And one way to address it is through currency evaluations.

Another way to address it is for them to help convert their economy from one of savers to consumers. And that's why Secretary Paulson worked very assiduously with this strategic dialogue group to encourage openness for capital markets; that China must open its capital markets to allow for different financial institutions from around the world to go into the country. It not only will be beneficial to the United States, but we happen to think it will be beneficial to the Chinese economy, for the consumers to have different options when it es to savings and purchases.

And so this is important dialogue, and it's one that I thank the Chinese government for engaging in. And there's been some progress. Yesterday they opened new air routes. That's beneficial for U.S. airlines. It also happens to be beneficial for China, as far I am concerned. It's beneficial for that country to open up its access to more travelers, whether they be business or tourists.

Anyway, this is a plex relationship. There's a lot of areas we're working together, and there's areas where there's friction. And we've just got to work through the friction. One area where I've been disappointed is beef. They need to be eating U.S. beef. It's good for them. They'll like it. And so we're working hard to get that beef market opened up.

Ed.

Q Mr. President, a new Senate report this morning contends that your administration was warned before the war that by invading Iraq you would actually give Iran and al Qaeda a golden opportunity to expand their influence, the kind of influence you were talking about with al Qaeda yesterday, and with Iran this morning. Why did you ignore those warnings, sir?

THE PRESIDENT: Ed, going into Iraq we were warned about a lot of things, some of which happened, some of which didn't happen. And, obviously, as I made a decision as consequential as that, I weighed the risks and rewards of any decision. I firmly believe the world is better off without Saddam Hussein in power. I know the Iraqis are better off without Saddam Hussein in power. I think America is safer without Saddam Hussein in power.

As to al Qaeda in Iraq, al Qaeda is going to fight us wherever we are. That's their strategy. Their strategy is to drive us out of the Middle East. They have made it abundantly clear what they want. They want to establish a caliphate. They want to spread their ideology. They want safe haven from which to launch attacks. They're willing to kill the innocent to achieve their objectives, and they will fight us. And the fundamental question is, will we fight them? I have made the decision to do so. I believe that the best way to protect us in this war on terror is to fight them.

And so we're fighting them in Iraq, we're fighting them in Afghanistan, we've helped the Philippines -- Philippine government fight them. We're fighting them. And this notion about how this isn't a war on terror, in my view, is naive. It doesn't -- it doesn't reflect the true nature of the world in which we live.

You know, the lessons of September the 11th are these: we've got to stay on the offense; we've got to bring these people to justice before they hurt again; and at the same time, defeat their ideology with the ideology based upon liberty. And that's what you're seeing, and they're resisting it.

I think it ought to be illustrative to the American people that al Qaeda is trying to stop new democracies from evolving. And what should that tell you? That ought to tell you that we're dealing with people that have an ideology that's opposite of liberty and will take whatever measures are necessary to prevent this young democracy from succeeding.

The danger in this particular theater in the war on terror is that if we were to fail, they'd e and get us. You know, I look at these reports right here in the Oval Office. For people who say that we're not under threat, they simply do not know the world. We are under threat. And it's in our interest to pursue this enemy.

Martha.

Q Thank you, Mr. President. You say you want nothing short of victory, that leaving Iraq would be catastrophic; you once again mentioned al Qaeda. Does that mean that you are willing to leave American troops there, no matter what the Iraqi government does? I know this is a question we've asked before, but you can begin it with a "yes" or "no."

THE PRESIDENT: We are there at the invitation of the Iraqi government. This is a sovereign nation. Twelve million people went to the polls to approve a constitution. It's their government's choice. If they were to say, leave, we would leave.

Q -- catastrophic, as you've said over and over again?

THE PRESIDENT: I would hope that they would recognize that the results would be catastrophic. This is a sovereign nation, Martha. We are there at their request. And hopefully the Iraqi government would be wise enough to recognize that without coalition troops, the U.S. troops, that they would endanger their very existence. And it's why we work very closely with them, to make sure that the realities are such that they wouldn't make that request -- but if they were to make the request, we wouldn't be there.

David.

Q Mr. President, after the mistakes that have been made in this war, when you do as you did yesterday, where you raised two-year-old intelligence, talking about the threat posed by al Qaeda, it's met with increasing skepticism. The majority in the public, a growing number of Republicans, appear not to trust you any longer to be able to carry out this policy successfully. Can you explain why you believe you're still a credible messenger on the war?

THE PRESIDENT: I'm credible because I read the intelligence, David, and make it abundantly clear in plain terms that if we let up, we'll be attacked. And I firmly believe that.

Look, this has been a long, difficult experience for the American people. I can assure you al Qaeda, who would like to attack us again, have got plenty of patience and persistence. And the question is, will we?

Yes, I talked about intelligence yesterday. I wanted to make sure the intelligence I laid out was credible, so we took our time. Somebody said, well, he's trying to politicize the thing. If I was trying to politicize it, I'd have dropped it out before the 2006 elections. I believe I have an obligation to tell the truth to the American people as to the nature of the enemy. And it's unpleasant for some. I fully recognize that after 9/11, in the calm here at home, relatively speaking, caused some to say, well, maybe we're not at war. I know that's a fortable position to be in, but that's not the truth.

Failure in Iraq will cause generations to suffer, in my judgment. Al Qaeda will be emboldened. They will say, yes, once again, we've driven the great soft America out of a part of the region. It will cause them to be able to recruit more. It will give them safe haven. They are a direct threat to the United States.

And I'm going to keep talking about it. That's my job as the President, is to tell people the threats we face and what we're doing about it. And what we've done about it is we've strengthened our homeland defenses, we've got new techniques that we use that enable us to better determine their motives and their plans and plots. We're working with nations around the world to deal with these radicals and extremists. But they're dangerous, and I can't put it any more plainly they're dangerous. And I can't put it any more plainly to the American people and to them, we will stay on the offense.

It's better to fight them there than here. And this concept about, well, maybe let's just kind of just leave them alone and maybe they'll be all right is naive. These people attacked us before we were in Iraq. They viciously attacked us before we were in Iraq, and they've been attacking ever since. They are a threat to your children, David, and whoever is in that Oval Office better understand it and take measures necessary to protect the American people.

Axelrod.

Q Thank you, Mr. President. I'd like to ask you about the Petraeus report, which as you say, will be in September, and report on the progress. Doesn't setting up the September date give the enemy exactly what you've said you don't want them to have, which is a date to focus on, and doesn't it guarantee a bloody August?

And while I have you, sir, the phrase you just used, "a different configuration in Iraq" that you'd like to see, is that a plan B?

THE PRESIDENT: Actually I would call that a plan remended by Baker-Hamilton, so that would be a plan BH. I stated -- you didn't like it? (Laughter.)

I've stated this is an idea that I like the concept. The question is, could we get there given the violence last fall, and the answer, in my judgment, was, no, we would never be able to configure our troops that way, in that configuration -- place our troops in that configuration given the violence inside the capital city.

David Petraeus felt like that it was important to tell the White House and tell the Congress that he would e back with an assessment in September. It's his decision to give the assessment, and I respect him and I support him.

Q Do you think --

THE PRESIDENT: It does, precisely. It's going to make -- it could make August a tough month, because you see, what they're going to try to do is kill as many innocent people as they can to try to influence the debate here at home. Don't you find that interesting? I do -- that they recognize that the death of innocent people could shake our will, could undermine David Petraeus's attempt to create a more stable government. They will do anything they can to prevent success. And the reason why is al Qaeda fully understands that if we retreat they, then, are able to have another safe haven, in their mind.

Yesterday, in my speech, I quoted quotes from Osama bin Laden. And the reason I did was, is that I want the American people to hear what he has to say -- not what I say, what he says. And in my judgment, we ought to be taking the words of the enemy seriously.

And so, yes, it could be a bloody -- it could be a very difficult August, and I fully understand --

Q -- Democrats on that in the Senate about --

THE PRESIDENT: David Petraeus, the mander -- look, you want politicians making those decisions, or do you want manders on the ground making the decisions? My point is, is that I would trust David Petraeus to make an assessment and a remendation a lot better than people in the United States Congress. And that's precisely the difference.

Michael.

Q Good morning, Mr. President. I'd like to ask you about the Justice Department. In the last couple months, we have heard disturbing evidence about senior officials of the Justice Department misleading Congress. We heard disturbing evidence yesterday that a senior official at the Justice Department improperly took, by her own admission, political considerations into effect in evaluating career employees of the Justice Department.

We've also had evidence from the former Deputy Attorney General of the White House strong-arming a sick man into trying to approve an illegal spying program. I'm curious, Mr. President, if you are concerned about the cumulative picture that's being drawn about your Justice Department? And what assurances can you give the American people that the department is delivering impartial justice to the American people?

THE PRESIDENT: Yes, thank you, Michael. There is a -- an internal investigation taking place at the Justice Department. And this will be an exhaustive investigation. And if there's wrongdoing, it will be taken care of.

I thought it was interesting how you started your question, "over the months," I think you said, "over the last months." This investigation is taking a long time, kind of being drug out, I suspect for political question -- for political reasons. In other words, as I mentioned the other day, it's just grand political theater.

Attorney General Gonzales has testified, he's produced documents. And I would hope the Senate and the Congress would move expeditiously to finish their hearings and get on to the business of passing legislation that is meaningful for the country. But if there had been wrongdoing, that will be addressed, the way we'd hope it would be.

Q (Inaudible) -- confidence. Are you --

THE PRESIDENT: Yes, I've got confidence in Al Gonzales doing the job.

Q Mr. President, are you surprised by reports today from the Iraqis that sectarian killings are actually on the rise to pre-troop surge levels? And, if I may, yesterday after your speech, Senator Joe Biden said al Qaeda in Iraq is a "Bush-fulfilling prophecy." They weren't there before, now they're there. He said U.S. troops should get out of the middle of a civil war and fight al Qaeda. Can you respond to that?

THE PRESIDENT: We are fighting al Qaeda in Iraq. A lot of the s you're seeing are caused by al Qaeda. Al Qaeda will fight us wherever we are. That's what they do, that's what they've said they want to do. They have objectives. These are ideologues driven by a vision of the world that we must defeat. And you defeat them on the one hand by hunting them down and bringing them to justice, and you defeat them on the other hand by offering a different alternative form of government.

The Middle East looked nice and cozy for awhile. Everything looked fine on the surface, but beneath the surface, there was a lot of resentment, there was a lot of frustration, such that 19 kids got on airplanes and killed 3,000 Americans. It's in the long-term interest of this country to address the root causes of these extremists and radicals exploiting people that cause them to kill themselves and kill Americans and others.

I happen to believe one way to do that is to address the forms of government under which people live. Democracy is really difficult work, but democracy has proven to help change parts of the world from cauldrons of frustration to areas of hope. And we will continue to pursue this form of policy; it's in our national interest we do so.

What other aspect of the question?

Q (Inaudible.)

THE PRESIDENT: Yes, I'm -- there's -- certainly, there's been an uptick in violence. It's a snapshot, it's a moment. And David Petraeus will e back with his assessment after his plan has been fully implemented, and give us a report as to what he remends -- what he sees, and what he remends, which is, I think, a lot more credible than what members of Congress remend. We want our manders making the remendations, and -- along with Ryan Crocker, our Ambassador there -- I don't want to leave Ryan out.

And so it's a -- you know, to Axelrod's point, it's a -- no question it's the kind of report that the enemy would like to affect because they want us to leave, they want us out of there. And the reason they want us to leave is because they have objectives that they want to acplish. Al Qaeda -- David Petraeus called al Qaeda public enemy number one in Iraq. I agree with him. And al Qaeda is public enemy number one in America. It seems like to me that if they're public enemy number one here, we want to help defeat them in Iraq.

This is a tough fight, you know? And it's, obviously, it's had an effect on the American people. Americans -- a lot of Americans want to know win -- when are you going to win? Victory is -- victory will e when that country is stable enough to be able to be an ally in the war on terror and to govern itself and defend itself.

One of the things that appealed to me about the Baker-Hamilton is that it will provide a -- kind of a long-term basis for that likely to happen, assuming the Iraqi government invites us to stay there. I believe this is an area where we can find mon ground with Democrats and Republicans, by the way. I fully recognize there are a group of Democrats who say, get out of the deal now; it's just not worth it.

One of the areas where I really believe we need more of a national discussion, however, is, what would be the consequences of failure in Iraq? See, people have got to understand that if that government were to fall, the people would tend to divide into kind of sectarian enclaves, much more so than today, that would invite Iranian influence and would invite al Qaeda influence, much more so than in Iraq today. That would then create enormous turmoil, or could end up creating enormous turmoil in the Middle East, which would have a direct effect on the security of the United States.

Failure in Iraq affects the security of this country. It's hard for some Americans to see that, I fully understand it. I see it clearly. I believe this is the great challenge of the beginning of the 21st century -- not just Iraq, but dealing with this radical, ideological movement in a way that secures us in the short term and more likely secures us in the long term.

Jim. You didn't nod off there, did you? (Laughter.) A little hot out here in the Rose Garden for you? (Laughter.)

Q Thank you, Mr. President.

THE PRESIDENT: Yes, well, go ahead and take the tie off. I'm halfway done anyway. (Laughter.)

Q Mr. President, yesterday you discussed Osama bin Laden's plans to turn Iraq into a terrorist sanctuary. What do you think your own reaction would have been five years ago had you been told that towards the end of your term he would still be at large with that kind of capability, from Iraq, no less, and why -- can you tell the American people -- is he still on the run? Why is he so hard to catch?

THE PRESIDENT: I would say that five years ago, like I said, we're going to pursue him, and we are pursuing him. And he's hiding. He is in a remote region of the world. If I knew precisely where he is, we would take the appropriate action to bring him to justice. He is attempting to establish a base of operations in Iraq. He hasn't established a base in operations. My points yesterday were, here was his intentions, but thankfully, of the three people I named, all of them no longer are a part of his operation.

My point is, is that -- I was making the point, Jim, as I'm sure you recognized, that if we leave, they follow us. And my point was, was that Osama bin Laden was establishing an external cell there, or trying to, and he's been unable to do it. Precisely my point. That's why we've got to stay engaged. Had he been able to establish an internal cell that had safe haven, we would be a lot more in danger today than we are. His organization is a risk. We will continue to pursue as hard as we possibly can. We will do everything we can to bring him and others to justice.

We have had good success in the chief operating officer position of al Qaeda. Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, Ramzi al Rabium -- there's a lot of names, some of whom I mentioned yesterday, that are no longer a threat to the United States. We will continue to work to bring him to justice -- that's exactly what the American people expect us to do -- and in the meantime, use the tools we put in place to protect this homeland.

We are under threat. Some may say, well, he's just saying that to get people to pay attention to him, or try to scare them into -- for some reason -- I would hope our world hadn't bee so cynical that they don't take the threats of al Qaeda seriously, because they're real. And it's a danger to the American people. It's a danger to your children, Jim. And it's really important that we do all we can do to bring them to justice.

Q Mr. President, why is he still at large?

THE PRESIDENT: Why is he at large? Because we haven't got him yet, Jim. That's why. And he's hiding, and we're looking, and we will continue to look until we bring him to justice. We've brought a lot of his buddies to justice, but not him. That's why he's still at large. He's not out there traipsing around, he's not leading many parades, however. He's not out feeding the hungry. He's isolated, trying to kill people to achieve his objective.

Those are his words -- his objectives are his words, not mine. He has made it clear -- he and Zawahiri, their number two, have made it clear what they want. And in a war against extremists and radicals like these, we ought to be listening carefully to what they say. We ought to take their words seriously. There have been moments in history where others haven't taken the words of people seriously and they suffered. So I'm taking them seriously.

Yes, Jim.

Q Mr. President, moments ago you said that al Qaeda attacked us before we were in Iraq. Since then Iraq has bee much less stable; al Qaeda has used it as a recruiting tool, apparently with some success. So what would you say to those who would argue that what we've done in Iraq has simply enhanced al Qaeda and made the situation worse?

THE PRESIDENT: Oh, so, in other words, the option would have been just let Saddam Hussein stay there? Your question is, should we not have left Saddam Hussein in power? And the answer is, absolutely not. Saddam Hussein was an enemy of the United States. He'd attacked his neighbors. He was paying Palestinian suicide bombers. He would have been -- if he were to defy -- and by the way, cheating on the U.N. oil for sanctions program -- oil-for-food program. No, I don't buy it. I don't buy that this world would be a better place with Saddam Hussein in power, and particularly if -- and I'm sure the Iraqis would agree with that.

See, that's the kind of attitude -- he says, okay, let's let them live under a tyrant, and I just don't agree. I obviously thought he had weapons, he didn't have weapons; the world thought he had weapons. It was a surprise to me that he didn't have the weapons of mass destruction everybody thought he had, but he had the capacity at some point in time to make weapons. It would have been a really dangerous world if we had the Iranians trying to develop a nuclear weapon, and Saddam Hussein peting for a nuclear weapon. You can imagine what the mentality of the Middle East would have been like.

So the heart of your question is, shouldn't you have left Saddam Hussein in power? And the answer is, no. And now that we've --

Q (Inaudible.)

THE PRESIDENT: -- that's really the crux of it. And -- let me finish, please, here. I'm on a roll here. And so now that we have, does it make sense to help this young democracy survive? And the answer is, yes, for a variety of reasons.

One, we want to make sure that this enemy that did attack us doesn't establish a safe haven from which to attack again. Two, the ultimate success in a war against ideologues is to offer a different ideology, one based upon liberty -- by the way, embraced by 12 million people when given the chance. Thirdly, our credibility is at stake in the Middle East. There's a lot of Middle Eastern nations wondering whether the United States of America is willing to push back against radicals and extremists, no matter what their religion base -- religious bases may be.

And so the stakes are high in Iraq. I believe they're absolutely necessary for the security of this country. The consequences of failure are immense.

Yes.

Q So there was no choice -- so there was no choice between the course we took and leaving Saddam Hussein in power? Nothing else that might have worked?

THE PRESIDENT: Well, we tried other things. As you might remember back then, we tried the diplomatic route: 1441 was a unanimous vote in the Security Council that said disclose, disarm or face serious consequences. So the choice was his to make. And he made -- he made a choice that has subsequently left -- subsequently caused him to lose his life under a system that he wouldn't have given his own citizens. We tried diplomacy. As a matter of fact, not only did I try diplomacy; other Presidents tried diplomacy.

Let's see here. John.

Q Thanks, Mr. President. You've said many times that you plan to sprint to the finish of your presidency. At this point in the home stretch, what can you say you're still expecting to acplish? And how concerned are you that the immigration bill in particular is going to get caught up in electoral politics?

THE PRESIDENT: Yes, thanks. Well, we need to pass additional energy legislation, we need to renew No Child Left Behind, get these trade bills out of Congress -- the trade bills on Panama and Peru and Colombia, hopefully work toward a free trade -- further the work we've done on the Korean free trade agreement. Hopefully I'll be able to bring back successful negotiations on Doha for a congressional vote which will require a TPA extension and/or -- a TPA extension, there's no "and/or" to it. Making sure that this progress on balancing the budget continues. The deficit is -- I know you're following the numbers, John -- the deficit is reduced more than anticipated as a result of increased tax revenues ing in and the fiscal measures that we took. And now we're going to have to work with Congress to make sure they don't overspend and make sure they don't raise the taxes on the people, as well.

Running up the taxes will hurt this economy, which would hurt the revenues to the Treasury. I'm deeply concerned about the Democratic budget that is classic tax and spend. I'm looking forward to seeing how they intend to keep their promise of balancing this budget in five years.

A big -- and of course, fighting this war on terror is a huge issue. I obviously would like to find mon ground on how to proceed in Iraq with Democrats and Republicans. I recognize there are a handful there or some who just say, get out, it's just not worth it, let's just leave. I strongly disagree with that attitude. Most Americans do, as well. And the vote showed that what's possible when we work together, the vote -- the pending vote today showed what's possible when we work together, when Republicans and Democrats work together. There's a good group of Republicans that want to work with Democrats. They just don't want to accept something that they don't agree with.

Immigration: This is a tough issue. This is a very emotional, hard issue for members of both parties. I've always been a believer that prehensive immigration reform is the best way to secure our border. I campaigned on that for President twice. I believed it when I was the governor of Texas. I understand this issue very well. I also understand the frustrations of many citizens in that they believe the government hasn't done its job of stopping illegal migrants from ing into the country.

And that's why over the past couple of years there's been a significant effort to secure the border. There's going to be a doubling of the Border Patrol agents; there's going to be fencing and berms and different types of equipment to help the Border Patrol do its job in a better way. As a matter of fact, I was concerned about it enough to ask the National Guard to go down there for a while.

But, John, I don't see -- and so those concerns, by the way, are addressed in this bill. The bill essentially says that before any other reforms take place, certain benchmarks will be met when it es to securing the border. Last year, during the debate, people said, well, let's have security first. That's exactly what the bill does.

However, I don't see how you can have the border security the American people expect unless you have a temporary worker program, with a verifiable work card. People will e here to do work to feed their families, and they'll figure out ways to do so. As a result of people wanting to e here to do work to feed their families, there is an underground industry that has sprung up that I think is essentially anti-humanitarian. It is an industry based upon coyotes -- those are smugglers. Good, hardworking, decent people pay pretty good size money to be smuggled into the United States of America.

There is a document forgery industry in America. There are people who are willing to stuff people inside temporary shelter in order for them to evade the law. I don't think this is American. I think the whole industry that exploits the human being is not in our nation's interests. And the best way to deal with this problem is to say, if you're going to e and do jobs Americans aren't doing, here is a opportunity to do so, on a temporary basis.

I would much rather have people crossing the border with a legitimate card, ing to work on a temporary basis, than being stuffed in back of an 18-wheeler. And I would hope most Americans feel that, as well.

Secondly, in order for there to be good employer verification -- it's against the law to hire somebody who is here illegally, but many times small businesses or large are presented with documents and they don't know whether they're real or not. And so, therefore, we must have a tamper-proof identification card, which is a part of this bill.

A tough issue, of course, is what do you do with the people already here? Anything short of kicking them out, as far as some people are concerned, is called amnesty. You can't kick them out. Anybody who advocates trying to dig out 12 million people who have been in our society for a while is sending a signal to the American people that's just not real. It's an impractical solution. Nor do I think they ought to be given automatic citizenship -- that is amnesty: Okay, you're here illegally, therefore you're automatically a citizen.

And so, therefore, we proposed and worked with the Senate to devise a plan that said, if you're here already before a certain date, that there are certain hurdles you must cross in order to receive what's called a Z visa, in order to be able to work here. You've got to go through a background check, you've got to pay a fine at some point in time, there's a probationary period, and there's a series of steps that people have to go through. And then people get at the back of the line, the citizenship line, not the beginning of the citizenship line.

If you're for the bill, I thank you. If you're against it -- you can find every reason in the world to be against a prehensive bill. It's easy to find something to be against in this bill. All it takes is to take one little aspect of it and ignore the prehensive nature and how good it is.

I knew this was going to be an explosive issue. It's easy to hold up somebody who is here and working hard as a political target. I would like to get this bill done for a lot of reasons. I'd like to get it done because it's the right thing to do. I'd like to get it done because I happen to believe the approach that is now being discussed in the Senate is an approach that will actually solve the problem. I'd like to get it out of politics. I don't think it's good to be, you know, holding people up. We've been through immigration debates in this country, and they can bring out the worst, sometimes, in people. We're a land of immigrants.

I was touched yesterday when the kid from the Coast Guard Academy, ensign -- now ensign talked about his migrant grandfather from Mexico. And here's this guy, this man standing up in front of the President of the United States and his class, talking about serving America. He wasn't -- you know, his grandfather wasn't born here. I don't know what job he did -- I suspect it was probably manual labor. I don't know, I didn't ask him.

But I do know he spoke with pride. I do know he represents the best about what immigration can mean for America. You know, weling people here who want to work and realize the American Dream renews our spirit and soul. It's been the case throughout generations. And we have an opportunity to put a good law in place now -- right now. And it's going to be hard work. And sure politics will get involved. But the question is, will members of Congress rise above politics? I will. It's the right thing to have a prehensive bill.

And so I'm going to continue to reach out to members of Congress from both parties, and call upon them to take the lead and show the political courage necessary to get the bill to my desk as quickly as possible.

I want to thank you for your interest.

END 11:51 A.M. EDT